Secondary Youth-Level Mechanisms of Change in Parent Training for Anxious Youth.

Background: Parent-focused treatments are a promising approach for addressing youth anxiety outside of traditional therapist-delivered modalities. Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE) has preliminarily demonstrated efficacy for reducing family accommodation (FA), a key treatment outcome for youth anxiety.

Objective: Since the mechanisms of SPACE remain relatively understudied, we examined youth-reported distress tolerance (DT), anxiety sensitivity (AS), and negative automatic thoughts as candidate mechanisms of SPACE using data from a previously conducted clinical trial.

Introduction to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Theoretical, Practical, and Empirical Foundations.

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a set of evidence-based principles designed to reduce human suffering and promote well-being via instantiating psychological flexibility. Situated within the broad family of cognitive-behavioral therapies, ACT conceptualizes psychopathology in terms of 6 inter-related psychological inflexibility processes. ACT is supported by a substantial body of research and recognized as an evidence-based intervention by numerous government and health care organizations.

Preferences for Justice-Based Exposure and Response Prevention Among Individuals With Identity-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Justice-based exposure and response prevention (ERP) has been touted as an alternative approach to (mis)uses and "Fear Factor" overcorrection applications of ERP for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with identity-related themes (i.e., sexual orientation, gender identity, racism, age, disability/diagnostic status, and economic-themed).

Monitoring Clinically Relevant Behaviors and Experiential Avoidance Throughout the Course of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Single-Case Quasi-Experimental Study.

The present single-case quasi-experimental study monitored changes in target behavior and experiential avoidance (EA) in an individually delivered, 10-session weekly acceptance and commitment therapy intervention. Participants were three university students with elevated EA who endorsed varying mental health concerns. Primary outcome and process variables were measures of clinically relevant behavioral excesses (CRB-E) and participant-rated EA, respectively.

Primum non nocere: Toward a Greater Understanding of the Potential for Harm in Psychological Treatments for Youth.

The field of clinical psychological science has made considerable progress over the years in developing, testing, and disseminating psychological interventions for youth mental health conditions. Despite these achievements, the question of whether certain treatments may actually be inert, or at worst, iatrogenic, has been relatively underexamined compared to affirmative questions of efficacy. Fortunately, interest in the topic of harm within psychological treatments is growing.

Considering Historical Context, Current Societal Trends, and Implications for Understanding Harm in Youth Mental Health Treatment: A Broader Lens to the Primum Non Nocere Special Issue.

Potential for harm or non-beneficence in psychological treatments remains understudied compared to questions of benefit or efficacy, especially in youth populations. Further study is critical for upholding the ethical mandate to both maximize salutary outcomes and minimize harm/non-beneficence. In the present special issue, authors of target articles incisively delineate parameters of harm and associated clinical strategies for measuring and addressing it, along with recommendations for research advancing understanding of harm in youth mental health treatment.

An Exploratory Analysis of Child Characteristics Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Parent-Led Cognitive Behavioral Teletherapy for Anxiety in Autistic Children.

Parent-led cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficient, promising form of therapy that may be well suited for autistic youth with anxiety disorders. A recent clinical trial found that parent-led CBT - in which parents led their child through a guided CBT workbook with varying degrees of therapist support - was efficacious for reducing anxiety and associated functional impairment. While such findings demonstrate promise for future intervention development and dissemination efforts with this population, more work is needed to elucidate clinical factors that impact response to treatment as well as drop-out.

Psychometric Properties of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-II Self-Report.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing and quantifying the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Both the interview and self-report (SR) versions of the original Y-BOCS have demonstrated good psychometrics. However, areas for revision were noted regarding the measure's severity ceiling and a "resistance to obsessions" item that did not perform adequately in psychometric testing and was not consistent with theoretical models of OCD.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for an Emerging Adult Female With Misophonia: A Case Study.

Misophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance to idiosyncratic and repetitive human-generated sounds (ie, triggers), coupled with affective-based reactions that result in impairment and distress. Often having its onset in youth, misophonia can become especially prominent during key developmental periods, including emerging adulthood. While efforts to develop interventions for misophonia remain ongoing, a consensus has not yet been reached concerning recommended first-line treatments.

Clinical Considerations for Integrating Ethical Principles of Beneficence in the Development of Evidence-Based Interventions: The case of Pediatric Misophonia.

Misophonia is a condition involving decreased tolerance and intense responses to specific sounds, often those that are human-generated and repetitive in nature. Misophonia frequently onsets during childhood and is associated with significant distress, impairment, and diminished quality of life. While misophonia research remains nascent and no definitive practice guidelines exist at present, extant studies offer several promising potential avenues in intervention development for adults with misophonia.

Concurrent Validity of the Anxiety Disorders Section of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule- Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS-ASA) in Autistic Youth.

Purpose: Examine the concurrent validity of specific Anxiety Disorders Section of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS-ASA)-Parent Interview in a sample of 167 autistic youth who met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety-related disorder (M = 9.91; 78.4% male; 82% non-Hispanic; 77.

Examination of COVID stress syndrome facets and relations to substance misuse using profile analysis via multidimensional scaling (PAMS).

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to significant societal challenges, including increased substance misuse. The COVID stress syndrome is a constellation of interrelated processes that occur in response to pandemics, including danger/contamination fears, fears concerning economic consequences, xenophobia, compulsive checking/reassurance-seeking, and pandemic-related traumatic stress symptoms. In the present study, using a sample of 812 adults collected during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020, we examined the relations between identified profiles of the COVID Stress Scales (CSS) and behavioral and cognitive aspects of substance misuse.

Native Hawaiians' Views on Depression and Preferred Behavioral Health Treatments: a Preliminary Qualitative Investigation.

Behavioral health issues, especially depression, are a major health disparity concern for Native Hawaiians in Hawai'i. Following the cultural safety framework and contextual behavioral science approach to intervention development, the present preliminary qualitative investigation aimed to gather better insight into Native Hawaiians' views of depression and its causes as well as their preferred forms of behavioral health services. Data were initially collected from a 2-hour virtual focus group with three behavioral health service providers working with Native Hawaiians, followed by a total of 38 online one-on-one in-depth interviews with Native Hawaiian clients with depression (n = 19), behavioral health service providers working with Native Hawaiian adults (n = 9), and Native Hawaiian cultural leaders (n = 10).

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a neurobehavioral condition that can lead to functional impairment in multiple domains and decreased quality of life. We review the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and common comorbidities of pediatric OCD. An overview of the biological and psychological models of OCD is provided along with a discussion of developmental considerations in youth.

The role of family accommodation in child posttraumatic stress symptoms and functional impairment in the context of cognitive behavioral therapy.

Background: Caregiver behaviors such as family accommodation (FA) are negatively reinforced by reduced distress in the short term, but ultimately maintain symptoms. It is important to explore the role of FA on symptoms and impairment. The current study examined the relationship among FA, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and functional impairment in a sample of children and their caregivers who completed trauma treatment.

Factors associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a clinical sample of youth with misophonia.

Misophonia is an often chronic condition characterized by strong, unpleasant emotional reactions when exposed to specific auditory or visual triggers. While not currently defined within existing classification systems, and not clearly fitting within the framework of extant psychiatric conditions, misophonia has historically been studied most frequently within the context of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Internalizing and externalizing psychiatric symptoms are common in misophonia, but specific factors that confer risk for these symptoms remain unknown.

Mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation in pediatric misophonia.

Misophonia is characterized by decreased tolerance of ordinary human-generated trigger sounds and associated visual stimuli (e.g., chewing, sniffing, lip smacking), coupled with intense affective reactions.

The role of between-session homework in cognitive-behavioral therapy for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism: A case vignette.

Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which includes a decided emphasis on exposure and response/ritual prevention (ERP) and between-session practice of treatment principles, has consistently demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and is a gold standard, recommended first-line treatment. CBT with ERP has been successfully adapted to fit the needs of autistic individuals with OCD. The present article provides a brief overview of CBT for OCD and outlines special considerations and adaptations needed when working with patients with OCD and comorbid autism, with an emphasis on the importance of between-session homework.

Emerging Adulthood Attributes, Discrimination, Mental Health, and Substance Use in a Sample of Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and White College Students.

Although Asian/Pacific Islanders are considered a single ethnic/racial category in national studies, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) and Asians show marked disparities in health outcomes and risk behaviors, including substance use. Currently, knowledge regarding the psychosocial mechanisms by which NHOPI ethnicity is associated with increased substance use, compared with Asian or White, is limited, especially among emerging adults. The present study tested a model in which the relationship between NHOPI ethnicity and higher substance use (i.

Things that make you go Hmm: Myths and misconceptions within cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The past four decades have yielded a robust body of evidence supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a gold-standard treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across the lifespan. Exposure and response prevention (E/RP) has been identified as a key component of this approach. Despite robust research support for CBT with E/RP, several myths and misconceptions continue to proliferate in both research and practice settings.