Qualitative investigation of school experiences in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic chronic condition leading to fragile bones and frequent bone fractures with wide-reaching health implications. Current literature suggests that children with chronic diseases face unique challenges at school, yet research regarding educational concerns among those with OI is limited. The present study involved qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 children with OI and 12 caregivers of a child with OI.

Transdiagnostic links of reward processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.

Objectives: Transdiagnostic models aim to uncover shared mechanisms across mental disorders. Reward responsiveness (the ability to experience pleasure from rewarding stimuli) is a plausible, yet underexplored, transdiagnostic mechanism linking obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression. This study used network analysis to (1) examine how key reward responsiveness domains are interlinked in individuals with OCD and (2) explore how each domain is uniquely associated with OCD and depression.

Osteogenesis imperfecta and the family: A qualitative analysis of the experiences of family and caregivers.

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) describes a group of rare, heritable bone disorders causing bone fragility, tendency to fracture with minimal trauma, and chronic pain due to abnormal collagen synthesis. Limited research exists on the psychosocial impact of OI during childhood on caregivers and families.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand caregiver experiences, existing social support provided for families affected by OI, and the impact of OI on family life.

Benchmarking empirical severity for the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Second Edition.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is considered the primary instrument for assessing the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Conceptual and empirical critiques inspired the development of an updated version of the instrument, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II), with a higher ceiling of OCD severity to better differentiate between severe and the most debilitating OCD presentations, among other revisions. The Y-BOCS-II has demonstrated sound psychometric properties across diverse samples.

Accuracy, reach, and content quality of information about obsessive-compulsive disorder on TikTok.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most popular health-related topics on TikTok but is often misrepresented. This study analyzed the accuracy (i.e.

Pharmacotherapy research landscape and knowledge gaps of opioids in maternal and pediatric populations.

The use and misuse of opioids has surged in the past decade, with nearly half of the users being female. Although opioid use is lower among pregnant women, trends mirror the general population. While pediatric exposures largely occur through prescriptions.

Buprenorphine Treatment in Pregnancy and Maternal-Infant Outcomes.

Importance: Opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy has grown in the US. Buprenorphine, a medication to treat OUD, may improve pregnancy outcomes; however, most pregnant individuals do not receive it. Research evaluating buprenorphine use in pregnancy, its effects on the maternal-infant dyad, and in comparison to no treatment is limited.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale - Second Edition.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II) is an evidence-based clinician-rated measure for assessing the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The Spanish version of the Y-BOCS-II has not yet been validated. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the Spanish Y-BOCS-II (Spanish-Y-BOCS-II) in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who are of Hispanic/Latino ancestry.

Adapting a Risk Prediction Tool for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends up to 7 days of observation for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in infants with chronic opioid exposure. However, many of these infants will not develop NOWS, and infants with seemingly less exposure to opioids may develop severe NOWS that requires in-hospital pharmacotherapy. We adapted and validated a prediction model to help clinicians identify infants at birth who will develop severe NOWS.

Comparative effectiveness of buprenorphine adherence with telemedicine vs. in-person for rural and urban patients.

Background: Policy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed buprenorphine to be prescribed for opioid use disorder via telemedicine without an in-person visit. A recently proposed change will limit buprenorphine access to 30 days without an in-person visit. Given that people living in rural areas may be disproportionally impacted by this change, we sought to better understand how buprenorphine adherence may be impacted by requiring in-person visits.

Psychometric Properties of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-II Self-Report.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing and quantifying the presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms. Both the interview and self-report (SR) versions of the original Y-BOCS have demonstrated good psychometrics. However, areas for revision were noted regarding the measure's severity ceiling and a "resistance to obsessions" item that did not perform adequately in psychometric testing and was not consistent with theoretical models of OCD.

Nonprescribed Substance Use in the General Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Nonprescribed substance use (NPSU) is a recognized phenomenon exhibited by patients with substance use disorders while admitted to inpatient hospitals. What factors distinguish patients who engage in NPSU, or how their hospitalizations and outcomes differ, remains to be understood in full.

Objectives: Our study describes a cohort of medically admitted patients with substance use disorders with behaviors concerning for NPSU during their hospitalization.

Concurrent Validity of the Anxiety Disorders Section of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule- Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS-ASA) in Autistic Youth.

Purpose: Examine the concurrent validity of specific Anxiety Disorders Section of the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS-ASA)-Parent Interview in a sample of 167 autistic youth who met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety-related disorder (M = 9.91; 78.4% male; 82% non-Hispanic; 77.

Opioid and non-opioid analgesic regimens after fracture and risk of serious opioid-related events.

Background: Non-opioid analgesics are prescribed in combination with opioids among patients with long bone fracture to reduce opioid prescribing needs, yet evidence is limited on whether they reduce the risk of serious opioid-related events (SOREs). We compared the risk of SOREs among hospitalized patients with long bone fracture discharged with filled opioid prescriptions, with and without non-opioid analgesics.

Design: We identified a retrospective cohort of analgesic-naïve adult patients with a long bone fracture hospitalization using the Merative MarketScan Commercial Database (2013-2020).

The impact of different strategies for modeling associations between medications at low doses and health outcomes: a simulation study and practical application to postpartum opioid use.

Pharmacoepidemiologic studies commonly examine the association between drug dose and adverse health outcomes. In situations where no safe dose exists, the choice of modeling strategy can lead to identification of an apparent safe low dose range in the presence of a nonlinear relationship or due to the modeling strategy forcing a linear relationship through a dose of 0. We conducted a simulation study to assess the performance of several regression approaches to model the drug dose-response curve at low doses in a setting where no safe range exists, including the use of a (1) linear dose term, (2) categorical dose term, and (3) natural cubic spline terms.

Resilience and coping: a qualitative analysis of cognitive and behavioral factors in adults with osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate resilience among adults with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI).

Materials And Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 adults with OI. Transcripts were coded and subsequently abstracted, yielding themes specific to resilience and coping.

Introduction to the special issue: Culturally sensitive approaches to conceptualization and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. However, historic underrepresentation, misapplication of techniques, and neglected consideration for the unique experiences of marginalized groups-including racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minorities-have led to mistrust of mental health treatment among these communities and decreased access to quality, evidence-based care. Although these treatments are not inherently harmful to individuals with marginalized identities, clinicians can cause harm if they do not consider the role of culture in their conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of individuals with marginalized identities.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American ancestry: Cultural considerations for assessment and psychotherapy.

Research specific to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among individuals of Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry is limited, as are culturally relevant assessment and treatment recommendations. This article discusses the implications of underrepresentation of H/L populations in OCD research and emphasizes the need to consider issues related to assessment, treatment, and structural barriers that hinder delivery of culturally appropriate first-line psychotherapy. Recommendations for assessment and treatment are provided to aid clinicians in distinguishing culturally normative thoughts and behaviors from OCD, as well as to inform the implementation of psychotherapeutic interventions with cultural humility.

Performance of Phenotype Algorithms for the Identification of Opioid-Exposed Infants.

Objective: Observational studies examining outcomes among opioid-exposed infants are limited by phenotype algorithms that may under identify opioid-exposed infants without neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). We developed and validated the performance of different phenotype algorithms to identify opioid-exposed infants using electronic health record data.

Methods: We developed phenotype algorithms for the identification of opioid-exposed infants among a population of birthing person-infant dyads from an academic health care system (2010-2022).

Impact of inpatient addiction psychiatry consultation on opioid use disorder outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Addiction consultation services provide access to specialty addiction care during general hospital admission. This study assessed opioid use disorder (OUD) outcomes associated with addiction consultation.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of individuals with OUD admitted to an academic medical center between 2018 and 2023.

Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery.

Importance: Opioid exposure during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth, but prior studies have not differentiated between spontaneous and indicated preterm birth or fully investigated these associations as functions of opioid dose.

Objective: To determine whether prescription opioid use during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous preterm birth and whether the association is dose-dependent.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study examined a retrospective cohort of pregnant patients enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid.

Psychosocial Outcomes of Pain and Pain Management in Adults with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Qualitative Study.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility and fractures, short stature, dental abnormalities, hearing loss, scoliosis, and chronic pain. Despite a growing literature on the functional outcomes of OI, limited research has explicitly examined the psychosocial outcomes of pain within OI. Adults with OI (N = 15) were interviewed to understand pain-related experiences through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interview data.