In Vitro Biofilm-Mediated Biodegradation of Pesticides and Dye-Contaminated Effluents Using Bacterial Biofilms.

Overuse of pesticides in agricultural soil and dye-polluted effluents severely contaminates the environment and is toxic to animals and humans making their removal from the environment essential. The present study aimed to assess the biodegradation of pesticides (cypermethrin (CYP) and imidacloprid (IMI)), and dyes (malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR)) using biofilms of bacteria isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil and dye effluents. Biofilms of indigenous bacteria, i.

DNA Barcoding: Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pheretimoid Earthworm (Metaphire sp. and Amynthas sp.) Based on Mitochondrial Partial COI Gene from Sialkot, Pakistan.

The extremely difficult and challenging process is identifying pheretimoid species, genus Metaphire and Amynthas involving increased homoplasy in various morphological characteristics. The molecular identification, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary divergence time of earthworms belonging to the pheretimoid complex were investigated in this study using partial mitochondrial COI (cytochrome C oxidase subunit I) gene sequences ranging from 550-680 bp. Results revealed that 86 pheretimoid earthworms were morphologically different from a total of 342 mature worms.

Development of an Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Technique for the Extraction of Natural Coloring Substance Chlorophyll from Leaves of Carica papaya.

Beautiful green leaves of Papaya are the rich source of Chlorophyll. Green color of chlorophyll has been used for a very long time as a natural colorant. Carica papaya has been considered as a good example and reasonable source of natural phytochemicals, which makes it suitable to color the food items and beverages.

Impact of Interplay between Obese Gut Microbiota and Diet in Developing Obesity in Synthetic Community Mice.

This study aims at investigating the effects of cultured gut microbiota (GM) of obese human coupled high fat diet (HFD) or chow diet (CD) in development of obesity in mice. 20 stool samples were collected from obese patients and isolated bacteria were identified morphologically and biochemically. Identified isolates were mixed in equal proportions to synthesize obese GM.

Role of modified diet and gut microbiota in metabolic endotoxemia in mice.

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of cultured gut microbiota (GM) from obese humans coupled HFD in inducing metabolic endotoxemia in humanized mice. In total, 30 strains were isolated from 10 stool samples of obese patients. Following morphological and biochemical characterization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of six abundant isolates identified these Klebsiella aerogenes, Levilactobacillus brevis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis (MZ052089-MZ052094).

Formulation and Characterization of Calcium-Fortified Jelly and Its Proximate Composition and Sensory Analysis.

Calcium is a dynamic mineral. Recent discoveries designate that low intake of calcium generates deficiencies and path to other diseases. Food fortification could play a key role to overcome this problem.

Biogenic Fabrication, Characterization and Drug Loaded Antimicrobial Assay of Silver Nanoparticles Using Centratherum anthalminticum (L.) Kuntze.

Bionanotechnology is considered a safe and ecofriendly route for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles from plant extracts, microorganisms, and biomaterials. The present study was focused on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (<50 nm) biogenically from the novel Centratherum anthelmminticum's aqueous seed extract. The obtained nanoproduct was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.

Neuropharmacological potential of various morphological parts of L.

L. has long been used as a therapeutic agent for the Central nervous system (CNS) due to the presence of flavonoids. The present study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent Neuropharmacological behavioral potential of seed and leaf extracts on mice.

Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques.

Recent field exploration and collections has led to the findings of several new species in Pakistan. Here we reported two new species Ajuga reptance L and Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Prusk for the first time in Pakistan flora as these species were neither listed in any other literature nor identified before in Pakistan.