Assessing prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practices associated with influenza vaccination among the people residing in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To understand the attitude and knowledge regarding influenza vaccine is crucial for developing effective vaccination strategies to improve public health outcomes. Seasonal influenza is a widespread, preventable infection caused by influenza viruses, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.

Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza vaccination in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia.

CRISPR-Edited Cell Lines: A New Era in Functional Oncology Research.

The use of CRISPR-Cas9 to engineer cancer cell lines has made it possible to precisely examine how cancer cells react to different drugs and therapies. Some of the key improvements are in the use of Mediator Complex Subunit 12 (MED12)-knockout cells to study cell resistance to BRAF inhibitors, CRISPR models of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition for breast cancer, and pharmacogenomic analysis in various cancer cell lines. CRISPR is used in immunotherapy to help Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cells function better by disrupting the immune checkpoints like Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and to adapt T cells to react with various antigens.

Glycemic control and vaccine response: the role of mucosal immunity after vaccination in diabetic patients.

This review explores the critical interplay between glycemic control, mucosal immunity, and vaccine response in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired glucose regulation, significantly impacts immune function, particularly at mucosal surfaces. Poor glycemic control diminishes vaccine-induced antibody responses and compromises mucosal defenses, such as secretory IgA production, increasing susceptibility to infections.

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Mimicking Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A Difficult Differential Diagnosis.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) encompass a spectrum of immunomediated diseases presenting with diverse syndromes. Conversely, Wernicke's encephalopathy denotes an acute neurological condition stemming from severe thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency. We report a unique case of NMOSD manifesting with clinical and radiological characteristics resembling Wernicke's encephalopathy, exhibiting unresponsiveness to thiamine therapy and subsequent clinical deterioration.

Identifying individuals at risk of post-stroke depression: Development and validation of a predictive model.

Objectives: To identify the factors associated with post-stroke depression (PSD) and develop a machine learning predictive model using a large dataset, considering sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors.

Methods: Our 2025 study used data from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, released in September 2024. Data processing was carried out using Google Colab and Python.

Outcomes of COVID-19 During the First Wave in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study of ICU Cases from a Single Hospital.

: Mortality from COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs) was not clearly reported in many regions during the first wave. We aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of ICU patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. : This was a secondary data analysis of the Convalescent Plasma Trial.

Evaluation of the relationship between infected gastric mucosa and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Objective: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common type of mesenchymal tumor accounting for 2.2% of all malignant gastric tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play crucial roles in gastric carcinogenesis.

The Thematic Analysis of Barriers to Immediate Post-Partum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception.

Background: Globally, many women express the desire to avoid immediate pregnancy for 24 months postdelivery, and only forty percent use contraceptives during this period. There is an enormous demand for postpartum family planning, particularly in developing countries with low- or middle-income grades. Postpartum intrauterine devices such as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are among the most effective methods of family planning in the immediate postpartum period, yet their effectiveness is hindered because of a lack of availability and training.

Leveraging multivariate analysis and adjusted mutual information to improve stroke prediction and interpretability.

Objectives: To develop a machine learning model to accurately predict stroke risk based on demographic and clinical data. It also sought to identify the most significant stroke risk factors and determine the optimal machine learning algorithm for stroke prediction.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data on 438,693 adults from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Vagal Nerve Stimulation in the Pediatric Population and Correlation between Family and Treatment Team Perspectives: Single-Center Experience.

Background:  Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive therapy to pharmacologic treatment in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of VNS therapy for seizure frequency reduction and improving the quality-of-life (QOL) measures in children with refractory epilepsy and to evaluate the correlation between the perspectives of families and those of the treating team.

Methods:  This was a prospective cohort study conducted at Abha Maternity and Children's Hospital, Saudi Arabia, from 2018 to 2022.

Stroke and high-risk TIA outcomes with reduction of treatment duration when treatment initiated in emergency rooms (SHORTER-study).

Background: Following transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke, the risk of recurrent stroke can be significantly reduced with short-duration dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We wish to investigate whether 10 days of DAPT is as effective as 21 days' treatment.

Study Design: This is an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study comparing whether 10 days of DAPT treatment (ASA + clopidogrel) is non-inferior to 21 days of DAPT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or high-risk TIA.

Incidence and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy in acute stroke patients undergoing computed tomography angiography: A single-center study.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors linked to contrast-induced nephropathy in this specific patient population, aiming to ensure the highest quality of clinical care.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis, all patients who presented with an acute stroke to King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Emergency Department from March until November 2022 and underwent Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) brain, Inclusion criteria were as follows: a baseline creatinine results and CTA examination performed within 24 hours of symptom onset and an available early (<5 days after CTA) follow-up creatinine result.

Results: Among 246 stroke patients in the emergency, 182 underwent brain CTA and 8.

Exploring Gender Disparities in the Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Cranial Stenosis.

Background Atherosclerotic cranial stenosis (ACS) is a significant contributor to vascular events, including ischemic strokes. While early clinical studies suggested a divergence in the distribution of intracranial and extracranial stenosis between genders, recent evidence has highlighted the complexity of these disparities. Therefore, this study aims to investigate gender differences in the prevalence and clinical characteristics of atherosclerotic cranial stenosis in patients admitted with stroke.

Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis in Stroke Patients From the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS) represents a noteworthy cerebrovascular pathology linked to ischemic stroke, contributing to a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The present study was undertaken with the primary objective of investigating the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of ICAS in stroke patients within the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital located in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, from June 2022 to December 2022.

Correlation Between Pre-treatment Collateral Status and Short-Term Functional Outcome in Patients With Mild to Moderate Stroke After Reperfusion Therapy in a Local Primary Stroke Center in the Southwestern Part of Saudi Arabia.

Background Stroke is a substantial cause of disability and mortality worldwide and is characterized by the sudden onset of acute neurological deficit. During acute ischemia, cerebral collateral circulations are crucial in preserving blood supply to the ischemic region. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) and endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (MT) are the primary standards of care for acute recanalization therapy.

Young Patients' Satisfaction Following the Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Posterior spinal instrumented fusion remains the mainstay treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with acceptable post-operative patient satisfaction. However, in Saudi Arabia, patient satisfaction after surgical management for AIS has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction and quality of life using the Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r, the most recent version) questionnaire after surgical correction of AIS in Saudi Arabia.

Serum level of prophylactic antibiotics in cardiac surgery and its implication on surgical site infection (SSI).

Background: Surgical site infection in cardiac surgery is still common despite applying preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis as per guidelines. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the relationship between perioperative antibiotics serum levels and the incidence of surgical site infection.

Methods: This is a prospective study that included all adult patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting between June and December 2018.

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome: diagnostic challenges and catastrophic outcomes: a case series.

Fat embolism syndrome is a rare but alarming, life-threatening clinical condition attributed to fat emboli entering the circulation. It usually occurs as a complication of long-bone fractures and joint reconstruction surgery. Neurological manifestations usually occur 12 to 72 hours after the initial insult.

A Unique Coexistence of Rectal Adenocarcinoma and Gastric Antral Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report and Minireview.

Several studies have reported the coexistence of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with many primary carcinomas such as gastric and renal cell carcinomas. However, to date reports about the coexistence of gastric GISTs and colorectal adenocarcinoma are limited. Herein we report a unique case of gastric GIST coexisting synchronously with rectal adenocarcinoma in a 36-year-old male patient who presented with weight loss, vomiting, and bleeding per rectum.

MicroRNA-499a (rs3746444A/G) gene variant and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes-associated end-stage renal disease.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their variants may be implicated in health and disease, including DN. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the miRNA-499a gene (MIR499A) A/G seed region variant (rs3746444) with DN-associated ESRD susceptibility in patients with diabetes mellitus, and to determine whether there was an association between the different genotypes and the patients' laboratory and clinical data.

Determinants of the Underlying Causes of Mortality during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive National Study.

Unlabelled: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality statistics are constantly changing globally. Mortality statistics analysis has vital implications to implement evidence-based policy recommendations. This study aims to study the demographic characteristics, patterns, determinants, and the main causes of death during the first half of 2020, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Demographic characteristics and types of stroke in Southwestern Saudi Arabia, and the potential demand of neuro endovascular specialists.

Objectives: To identify demographic characteristics, and types of stroke in Southwestern (Aseer) Region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This study is a retrospective and hospital-based. The data of all stroke patients (n=562) admitted to the tertiary care hospital in the province, Aseer Central Hospital (ACH) within the period from January 2016 until December 2017 are included.

Full recovery of Akinetic Mutism after corpus callosum infarction in post subarachnoid hemorrhage of ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm.

The authors report a previously healthy 23-year-old male patient who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and was found to have a ruptured right distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm. He was treated by endovascular coiling technique, which was uneventful perioperatively. After a few days of mechanical ventilation and upon extubation, he expressed symptoms of apathy, drowsiness, lack of motivation, and lack of spontaneous motor function consistent with akinetic mutism.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of cerebral venous thrombosis. A Multicenter retrospective study in Aseer Region Saudi Arabi.

Objective: To assess the epidemiological pattern and correlates with the clinical outcome of Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A retrospective record_based cohort design was conducted including all patients admitted with diagnosis of CVT in 2 main tertiary hospitals in Aseer Region between 2015 to the end of 2018. The study hospitals were Aseer Central Hospital and Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region.

Improved pharmacokinetic and biodistribution of 5-fluorouracil loaded biomimetic nanoerythrocytes decorated nanocarriers for liver cancer treatment.

Nanoerythrocytes membrane (NEs) has recently been used to improve pharmacokinetics and biodistribution for successful drug therapy. NEs intended to enhance the drug targeting due to immune evasion and long circulation. In this work, NEs could serve as efficient 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) carriers to target liver cells.