SV channel VfTPC1 is a hyperexcitable variant of plant vacuole Two Pore Channels.

To fire action-potential-like electrical signals, the vacuole membrane requires the two-pore channel TPC1, formerly called SV channel. The TPC1/SV channel functions as a depolarization-stimulated, non-selective cation channel that is inhibited by luminal Ca. In our search for species-dependent functional TPC1 channel variants with different luminal Ca sensitivity, we found in total three acidic residues present in Ca sensor sites 2 and 3 of the Ca-sensitive AtTPC1 channel from that were neutral in its ortholog and also in those of many other Fabaceae.

Modified Rhodopsins From Excel With Very High Proton-Transport Rates.

is a black fungus that can adapt to various stressful conditions like hypersaline, acidic, and alkaline environments. The genome of exhibits three genes coding for putative opsins ApOps1, ApOps2, and ApOps3. We heterologously expressed these genes in mammalian cells and oocytes.

Coregulation of gene expression by White collar 1 and phytochrome in Ustilago maydis.

Ustilago maydis encodes ten predicted light-sensing proteins. The biological functions of only a few of them are elucidated. Among the characterized ones are two DNA-photolyases and two rhodopsins that act as DNA-repair enzymes or green light-driven proton pumps, respectively.

Expansion Microscopy for Cell Biology Analysis in Fungi.

Super-resolution microscopy has evolved as a powerful method for subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging of cells and cellular organelles, but requires sophisticated and expensive installations. Expansion microscopy (ExM), which is based on the physical expansion of the cellular structure of interest, provides a cheap alternative to bypass the diffraction limit and enable super-resolution imaging on a conventional fluorescence microscope. While ExM has shown impressive results for the magnified visualization of proteins and RNAs in cells and tissues, it has not yet been applied in fungi, mainly due to their complex cell wall.

Influence of contrast agent dispersion on bolus-based MRI myocardial perfusion measurements: A computational fluid dynamics study.

Purpose: Bolus-based dynamic contrast agent (CA) perfusion measurements of the heart are subject to systematic errors due to CA bolus dispersion in the coronary arteries. To better understand these effects on quantification of myocardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR), an in-silico model of the coronary arteries down to the pre-arteriolar vessels has been developed.

Methods: In this work, a computational fluid dynamics analysis is performed to investigate these errors on the basis of realistic 3D models of the left and right porcine coronary artery trees, including vessels at the pre-arteriolar level.

Opsin 1 and Opsin 2 of the Corn Smut Fungus Are Green Light-Driven Proton Pumps.

In fungi, green light is absorbed by rhodopsins, opsin proteins carrying a retinal molecule as chromophore. The basidiomycete , a fungal pathogen that infects corn plants, encodes three putative photoactive opsins, called (UMAG_02629), (UMAG_00371), and (UMAG_04125). UmOps1 and UmOps2 are expressed during the whole life cycle, in axenic cultures as well as , whereas UmOps3 was recently shown to be absent in axenic cultures but highly expressed during plant infection.