Patterns and Outcomes of Limb Amputations: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Despite tremendous medical advancements, limb amputations are still considered a standard procedure performed worldwide. However, this procedure poses distinct challenges that can significantly affect the mental and physical well-being of patients. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of amputations and assess the quality of life among affected individuals.

Role of Centromeric and Telomeric Haplotypes of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) in Disease Susceptibility: A Research Review.

The immune regulatory functions of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) become important through their ability to control natural killer (NK) cell function by interacting with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Increasing scientific evidence indicates KIR haplotypes exist in two sets, namely, centromeric (Cen) and telomeric (Tel), which deliver unique effects to immune response function. Unlike traditional A/B KIR haplotype classification, this review emphasizes Cen and Tel subdivisions to provide a more nuanced understanding of gene linkage, functional diversity, and their relevance to autoimmune diseases, infections, transplantation outcomes, and pregnancy complications.

Comparative analysis of occlusal stresses on bone around natural teeth, platform matched and switched implants abutments: a finite element study.

Occlusal stresses on the tooth and implant are critical in determining their prognosis. When the abutment and implant collar have different diameters, the occlusal stresses are transmitted to the implant's central axis, reducing their impact on the tissue surrounding it.The objectives of this study was to use finite element analysis (FEA) to study the effect of occlusal pressures on the bone surrounding natural teeth and implants fitted with platform-matched and platform-switched abutments.

Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone as a diagnostic marker for cancer in atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance nodules.

Background: Several studies have assessed the efficacy of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as a diagnostic marker of thyroid cancer (TC), with inconsistent findings. However, few studies have investigated its role in indeterminate thyroid nodules (TNs), particularly in those with atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). The objective of this study was to evaluate preoperative TSH levels as a diagnostic marker for cancer in AUS/FLUS nodules.

Unlocking Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of BDNF Signaling in Neuropathology and Treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative disorders, with its pathological hallmark being progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Recent research has illuminated the crucial role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the central nervous system (CNS), highlighting its impact on neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival. Dysregulation of the BDNF signaling axis, particularly the imbalance between its precursor form and mature BDNF, is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of AD.

Targeting of PP2 A/GSK3β/PTEN Axis in Alzheimer Disease: The Mooting Evidence, Divine, and Devil.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain due to extracellular accumulation of Aβ. In addition, intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorlyated tau protein which form neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) is associated with progressive neuronal injury and the development of AD. Aβ and NFTs interact together to induce inflammation and oxidative stress which further induce neurodegeneration in AD.

Cilostazol alleviates imatinib-induced myocardial injury in rats by modulating the TGF-β1/MAPK, SHC/Grb2/SOS signaling pathways and upregulating miRNA-195-5P.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment, yet their association with cardiotoxicity remains a challenge. While the pathophysiological consequences of imatinib therapy involve diverse pathways, our understanding of these mechanisms is limited. Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor used in intermittent claudication treatment, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects.

Humanin (HN) is an endogenous micropeptide also known as a mitochondria-derived peptide. It has a neuroprotective effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases by improving hippocampal acetylcholine and attenuating the development of oxidative stress and associated neurotoxicity. HN protects the neuron from the toxic effects of amyloid beta (Aβ).

Neuroprotective effects of semaglutide and metformin against rotenone-induced neurobehavioral changes in male diabetic rats.

Pre-existing diabetes raises the likelihood of Parkinson's disease (PD), according to epidemiological and animal research. Our study aimed to investigating the likely neuroprotective effect of metformin (Met) and/or semaglutide (Sem) in model of PD in male diabetic rats and the possible underlying mechanism. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was induced by giving high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks followed by a single streptozotocin (STZ) injection (40 mg/kg, i.

Binding Antibodies Responses to SARS-COV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients and Vaccinated Subjects: A Longitudinal Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Prevalence of seropositivity following SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital in evaluating herd immunity. However, depending on illness severity, it remains unclear whether the breadth and magnitude of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is for short or long term.

Objective: To test the persistence of humoral antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 exposure in patients with different illness severity and among volunteers who had been vaccinated.

Nitrogen-Rich Barium-Organic Framework for Capture and Cocatalysts Free Chemical Fixation of CO via Cyclic Carbonates and Oxazolidinones.

The carbon dioxide (CO) capture and utilization strategy has emerged as an innovative and multifaceted approach to counteract carbon emissions. In this study, a highly porous muffin polyhedral barium (Ba) ̵ organic framework (BaTATB; HTATB = 4,4',4″--triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic acid) was synthesized solvothermally. The three-dimensional honeycomb pore architectures were densely populated with Lewis acidic Ba(II) metal sites and basic nitrogen-rich triazines.

Thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in AUS/FLUS nodules: is there a correlation? A retrospective study.

Objectives: The global prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), particularly papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is increasing. However, studies assessing correlations between these diseases have yielded inconsistent findings. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with HT show a higher prevalence of indeterminate cytology than those without HT.

Post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism: A clinical surgical dilemma.

Thyroid dysfunction directly affects human health and overall well-being; various approaches are available for the treatment of thyroid diseases, including conservative measures and surgical interventions. Despite advancements in conservative treatment, surgery remains the preferred option. Hypoparathyroidism is the primary cause of hospitalization after thyroidectomy, leading to cost-related concerns and a detrimental impact on patients' overall quality of life.

The efficacy of preoperative tranexamic acid administration among patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) among patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR).

Methods: Five databases were screened until December 18, 2022. The included RCTs were assessed for risk of bias, and the endpoints were summarized as mean difference/standardized mean difference (MD/SMD) or risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model.

Perceptions of medical students at Najran University on the effectiveness of problem-based learning and team-based learning.

Background: Team-based learning (TBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) are two effective educational approaches used in medical education for increasing knowledge acquisition, learning motivation, and collaborative and communication skills among students. Few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate medical students' perceptions of these approaches.

Aim Of The Study: The present study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of current or previous preclinical students at the College of Medicine, Najran University (NU) about the effectiveness of PBL and TBL and to assess students' perceptions regarding the strengths and limitations of both educational approaches and their preferences.

The impact of nodule size on malignancy risk in indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Background: The association between malignancy risk and nodule size in indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) remains controversial. Thus, we aimed to explore the impact of nodule size as a predictor of cancer in patients with ITNs.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 113 patients who underwent surgical intervention for ITNs, comparing two groups based on nodule size (≥4 or <4 cm).

Bridge plating is an effective adjunct treatment for complex elbow instability.

Background: Managing persistent elbow instability and chronic dislocations presents challenges despite traditional treatments. Supplementary methods like immobilization and various fixations, though common, can carry high complication rates. This study assesses the efficacy of bridge plating in treating complex elbow instability through a retrospective review of patients.

Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills (AKAS) of Telemedicine and Its Use by Primary Healthcare Providers.

Background: This study aimed to determine the rate of telemedicine (TM) use and the levels of awareness, knowledge, attitude, and skills of TM among primary healthcare (PHC) providers.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 104 PHC providers were subjected to a validated AKAS scale via Survey Monkey. The tool consists of 4 parameters that users can respond to using a 4-point Likert scale to assess their awareness (12 statements), knowledge (11 statements), attitude (11 statements), and skills (13 statements) on TM.

Radiographic assessment of maxillary sinus membrane and lateral wall thickness using cone-beam CT in different facial types in southwestern Saudi Arabia.

The anatomy of the edentulous posterior maxilla and maxillary sinus possess unique challenges in implant dentistry. The purpose of this study was to assess maxillary sinus membrane thickness (MT) and lateral wall thickness (LWT) in different facial index profiles and to describe the clinical implications. A retrospective image analysis of 75 CBCT scans was done, which yielded a total of 150 sinus images.

Gauging the Awareness of Physicians in Saudi Arabia Regarding Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer.

Background The prevalence of obesity and thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing worldwide, and obesity is a risk factor for TC. Objectives This study aimed to elucidate physicians' awareness of obesity as a risk factor for TC. Materials and methods A cross-sectional, self-report online questionnaire was distributed to physicians in all regions of Saudi Arabia.

Is the nodule location a predictive risk factor for cancer in AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules? A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a heterogeneous category of thyroid nodules with uncertain cytology and controversial management. This study aimed to assess the association between nodule location and malignancy risk and whether the location can be used as a predictive risk factor for cancer in AUS/FLUS nodules.

Methods: A cohort of 102 patients (79 [77.

Assessment of Primary Healthcare Providers' Knowledge and Practices in Addressing Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia and Gout in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction and aim Gout, the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, arises from hyperuricemia, a condition where elevated levels of uric acid lead to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Nevertheless, it's important to note that not all cases of hyperuricemia result in gout. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia, targeting primary healthcare physicians (PHPs) specializing in family medicine and general practice.

Appraising and comparing the role of autogenous periosteal graft as a barrier membrane in the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Periodontal regeneration refers to procedures aimed at restitution of lost supporting tissue around the periodontally compromised tooth. Regenerative procedures very often include the use of barrier materials to encourage the growth of key surrounding tissues. The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of autogenous periosteal graft as a barrier membrane for the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.

Dual plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures: Retrospective review and surgical technique.

Introduction: Recent interest has been directed towards dual plate fixation for comminuted proximal humerus fractures, with an aim to improve construct stability and thus improve patient outcomes while decreasing the risk of fracture-associated complications. We present our experience with this technique in a case series of patients with proximal humerus fractures and describe our surgical technique.

Methodology: This was a single-center retrospective case series of patients presenting with an acute (<6 weeks) proximal humerus fracture who underwent ORIF with dual plating fixation.