Recommended practices for vision screening in pre-school-age children: A 2025 update.

Significance: Despite significant evidence supporting the utility of vision screening for identifying children who need further evaluation by an eye care professional, there is considerable variability in screening guidelines along with a lack of consensus for monitoring and reporting outcomes. This article provides updated vision screening recommendations for pre-school-age children (aged 3 to <6 years) in the United States.

Purpose: The goal of vision screening programs is to identify, refer, and help ensure eye examinations for children who may have vision disorders, such as significant uncorrected refractive errors, amblyopia, strabismus, reduced visual acuity, and other vision and eye health problems.

Acute Antilipolytic Effects of Elevated Levels of Corticosterone in Differentiated Murine White Adipocytes.

Glucocorticoids (GC) are a group of steroid hormones that affects white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis (biosynthesis of triglycerides) and lipolysis (hydrolysis of triglycerides). At the cellular level, prolonged GC exposure promotes increases in WAT lipolysis through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated mechanisms; however, elevated GC levels can decrease WAT lipolysis through unknown mechanisms that remain unclear. Evidence suggests that GCs may also have actions independent of GR binding, though how these GR-independent effects impact WAT lipolysis also remains unknown.

Late Pleistocene faunal community patterns disrupted by Holocene human impacts.

We analysed fossil mammal assemblages from over 350 Late Pleistocene and Holocene sites worldwide to test whether human activities, such as agriculture, domestication and intensified land use, restructured global patterns of mammal co-occurrence. Using presence-absence data, we contrasted a novel iterative 'chase clustering' method, which is compositionally driven, against a traditional spatially constrained Ward's clustering approach. Both methods recovered continental-scale groupings in the Pleistocene, consistent with known biogeographic boundaries.

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults have lower uptake of vaccines for preventable diseases than children and older adults. Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of complications from many vaccine-preventable illnesses. Given the elevated health risks of SARS-COV-2 infection for people with T1D, it is important to understand COVID-19 vaccination rates and attitudes.

ROCKET T1D Remote Patient Monitoring Program: Launching Diabetes Management Habits in New-Onset Diabetes.

ROCKET T1D (Remote Outreach and Care for Kids' Empowerment and Technology Use in Type 1 Diabetes) is a remote patient monitoring program created to empower youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes to leverage emerging diabetes technology, improve diabetes self-management habits, and achieve their self-care goals. Youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes in the ROCKET T1D program improved key diabetes self-management habits (e.g.