Progressive Capitellar Osteochondral Defects Adversely Affect Valgus Angulation and Radiocapitellar Contact Based on Size and Location With Native and Strained Ulnar Collateral Ligaments: A Biomechanical Rationale for Pathogenesis.

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum can occur in adolescent baseball players owing to repetitive compressive shear forces within the radiocapitellar joint.

Purpose: To quantify the relationship between valgus angle and radiocapitellar joint contact with varying size and location of osteochondral defects and to compare these effects with a native and strained medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL).

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Biomechanical effects of different rotator cuff tear conditions and mediolateral offset in lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (Coralis Reverse Shoulder System).

Background: The indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) have expanded to include various shoulder pathologies regardless of rotator cuff condition. However, the biomechanical effects of the procedure based on the extent of the rotator cuff tear remain uncertain in medialized rTSA (m-rTSA) and lateralized rTSA (l-rTSA). Furthermore, the necessity of subscapularis repair for l-rTSA has been debated.

How important is the teres minor in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty combined with latissimus dorsi transfer?

Background: The utility of latissimus dorsi (LD) transfer combined with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty to restore external rotation (ER) strength is clinically well-established, but studies directly comparing LD and intact teres minor (TM) strength are lacking. Also, variations in eccentricity in the glenoid components have been under-estimated.

Methods: We used 8 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders in this study.

Acellular Human Dermal Allograft Tuberoplasty Improved the Biomechanics in Mid-Range and Higher Abduction Angles in a Cadaveric Model of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears.

Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical effects of acellular human dermal allograft tuberoplasty (AHDAT) in a cadaveric model of an irreparable supraspinatus + anterior one-half infraspinatus (stage III) rotator cuff tear.

Methods: Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested at 20°, 40°, and 60° of glenohumeral abduction (AB) and 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of external rotation (ER). Superior humeral translation, acromiohumeral distance, and subacromial contact were quantified for 4 conditions: (1) intact, (2) stage III tear (entire supraspinatus and anterior one-half infraspinatus), (3) single-layer AHDAT, and (4) double-layer AHDAT.

Contemporary Trends in the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Match and the Effects of COVID-19.

Objective: We aimed to elucidate associations between geographic location, size, and ranking of medical schools that orthopaedic surgery residents graduate from and the residencies that they match both pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 pandemic by examining the 2017 to 2022 orthopaedic surgery residency cohorts.

Methods: Demographics were extracted using Doximity Residency Navigator platform, the 2021 US News and World Report, and program websites. Medical schools were classified as large if they had >613 medical students.

Identification of Tissue-Specific DNA Methylation Signatures for Thyroid Nodule Diagnostics.

Purpose: Thyroid cancer is frequently difficult to diagnose due to an overlap of cytologic features between malignant and benign nodules. This overlap leads to unnecessary removal of the thyroid in patients without cancer. While providing some improvement over cytopathologic diagnostics, molecular methods frequently fail to provide a correct diagnosis for thyroid nodules.