Human serum albumin microspheres synchronously loaded with ZIF-8 and triptolide (TP) for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver tumor and remains a fatal malignancy in most patients. Only 20% to 30% of patients can be treated with potentially curative surgical resection. Local therapies such as radioembolization and hepatic arterial perfusion may be a more effective treatment strategy.