Responsiveness to surface-groundwater interactions by spawning salmonids: site selection patterns and control mechanisms in lotic ecosystems by Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus genera.

Surface-groundwater interactions play a significant role in the selection of spawning areas by salmonids, but the degree of reliance on their presence and quality is species- and habitat-specific. We surveyed the degree of influence of surface-groundwater interactions in spawning site selection by Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus genera in riverine systems. The diversity of the sources is framed with respect to the spatiotemporal scale of occurrence, life-history traits, physicochemical quality, sympatry and intraspecific competition.