Radiolabeled Nanogels: From Multimodality Imaging to Combination Therapy of Cancer.

Advancements in nanotechnology over the past few decades have offered tremendous possibilities toward cancer theranostics. Radiolabeled nanogels (NGs) represent a promising nanoplatform in this direction, offering a multifunctional toolset for both imaging and therapeutic interventions. This review encapsulates the progressions and potential of radiolabeled NGs in the realm of cancer research.

Bioinspired Synthesis of Intrinsically Radiolabeled DyO Nanoparticles as an In Vivo Generator of Dy/Ho: A Smart Choice for Theranostics Engineering.

Functionalized inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) intrinsically radiolabeled with theranostic radiometals hold the potential to revolutionize cancer management. The appropriate choice of the radiometal used in the nanoplatform would not only aid in the diagnosis and staging of the disease but also facilitate them becoming an integral part of the therapeutic regimen, either as an independent treatment or in combination with other conventional modalities. Furthermore, due to the inherent characteristics of the NPs, such systems can demonstrate potential in multimodality imaging to offer improved diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring abilities for personalized treatment.

In situ radiochemical doping of functionalized inorganic nanoplatforms for theranostic applications: a paradigm shift in nanooncology.

In situ radiochemical doping presents a transformative approach for synthesizing radiolabeled inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer theranostics. Traditional radiolabeling techniques rely on bifunctional chelators, which often require harsh reaction conditions that can degrade the physicochemical properties of NPs. Additionally, the enzymatic dissociation of radiometals can potentially induce in vivo toxicity.

Dy/Ho-labeled porous hydroxyapatite microparticles for treatment of inflammatory joint diseases - Exploring the advantages of in vivo generator.

Holmium-166 [T = 26.8 h, E (max) = 1.74 MeV (48.

Production, radiochemical separation and electrochemical concentration of No-carrier-added Mn: An emerging PET radiometal.

Recently, there has been significant interest in Mn (T = 5.6 d) as a relatively long lived radiometal for PET imaging of cancer. In this study, we have produced Mn from natural Cr metallic powder target via Cr (p, n) Mn reaction in a particle accelerator.

Protein-functionalized and intrinsically radiolabeled [Re]ReO nanoparticles: advancing cancer therapy through concurrent radio-photothermal effects.

Purpose: Enhancing therapeutic effectiveness is crucial for translating anticancer nanomedicines from laboratory to clinical settings. In this study, we have developed radioactive rhenium oxide nanoparticles encapsulated in human serum albumin ([Re]ReO-HSA NPs) for concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), aiming to optimize treatment outcomes.

Methods: [Re]ReO-HSA NPs were synthesized by a controlled reduction of ReO in HSA medium and extensively characterized.

Emerging role of electrochemistry in radiochemical separation of medically important radiometals: state of the art.

Electrochemical separation technology has brought a renaissance in the field of nuclear medicine towards obtaining clinical-grade radiometals for preparation of a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals. This article is a comprehensive summary of the electrochemical processes developed for the separation of radiometals that could be used for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. For using electrochemistry as a tool for the separation of radiometals, intricate knowledge is essential to understand the basic parameters of electrochemical separation processes which include applied potential, selection of electrolyte, choice of the electrode, the temperature of the electrolyte, pH of the electrolyte and time of electrolysis.

pH-Responsive magnetic nanocarriers for chelator-free bimodal (MRI/SPECT-CT) image-guided chemo-hyperthermia therapy in human breast carcinoma.

Although chemotherapy with magnetic nanocarriers has witnessed significant advancement in the field of cancer treatment, multimodal diagnosis and combinatorial therapy using a single nanoplatform will have much better efficacy in achieving superior results. Herein, we constructed a smart theranostic system by combining pH-sensitive tartaric acid-stabilized FeO magnetic nanocarriers (TMNCs) with SPECT imaging and a chemotherapeutic agent for image-guided chemo-hyperthermia therapy. The carboxyl-enriched exteriors of TMNCs provided sites for the conjugation of a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) and radiolabeling (Ce).

Production, purification and formulation of nanoradiopharmaceutical with At: An emerging candidate for targeted alpha therapy.

Introduction: Astatine-211 has attained significant interest in the recent times as a promising radioisotope for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) of cancer. In this study, we report the production of At via Bi (α, 2n) At reaction in a cyclotron and development of a facile radiochemical separation procedure to isolate At for formulation of nanoradiopharmaceuticals.

Methods: Natural bismuth oxide target in pelletized form wrapped in Al foil was irradiated with 30 MeV α-beam in an AVF cyclotron.

[ 64 Cu]Copper chloride PET-CT: a comparative evaluation of fasting and non-fasting states in patients of prostate carcinoma.

Altered copper metabolism in cancer has been linked to increased intracellular copper uptake mediated by human copper transporter 1, with [ 64 Cu]Cu 2+ as a potential biomarker for cancer theranostics. [ 64 Cu]CuCl 2 PET-CT though explored in various malignancies, a lack of standardized protocol exists, particularly regarding fasting status before imaging. This analysis aimed to evaluate the requirement of fasting for [ 64 Cu]CuCl 2 PET-CT along with temporal changes in physiological organ uptake in delayed scans.

Targeting Breast Cancer Using 177 Lu-Labeled Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab Fragment : First-in-Human Clinical Experience.

Purpose: A monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, is used for immunotherapy for HER2-expressing breast cancers. Large-sized antibodies demonstrate hepatobiliary clearance and slower pharmacokinetics. A trastuzumab fragment (Fab; 45 kDa) has been generated for theranostic use.

Synthesis, Quality Control, and Bench-to-Bed Translation of a New [Ga]Ga-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Bisphosphonate for Imaging Skeletal Metastases by Positron Emission Tomography.

: Early detection of skeletal metastasis is of great interest to determine the prognosis of cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging provides a better temporal and spectral resolution than single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging, and hence is more suitable to detect small metastatic lesions. Although [F]NaF has been approved by U.

Cancer Brachytherapy at the Nanoscale: An Emerging Paradigm.

Brachytherapy is an established treatment modality that has been globally utilized for the therapy of malignant solid tumors. However, classic therapeutic sealed sources used in brachytherapy must be surgically implanted directly into the tumor site and removed after the requisite period of treatment. In order to avoid the trauma involved in the surgical procedures and prevent undesirable radioactive distribution at the cancerous site, well-dispersed radiolabeled nanomaterials are now being explored for brachytherapy applications.

Brachytherapy at the nanoscale with protein functionalized and intrinsically radiolabeled [Yb]YbO nanoseeds.

Purpose: Classical brachytherapy of solid malignant tumors is an invasive procedure which often results in an uneven dose distribution, while requiring surgical removal of sealed radioactive seed sources after a certain period of time. To circumvent these issues, we report the synthesis of intrinsically radiolabeled and gum Arabic glycoprotein functionalized [Yb]YbO nanoseeds as a novel nanoscale brachytherapy agent, which could directly be administered via intratumoral injection for tumor therapy.

Methods: Yb (T = 32 days) was produced by neutron irradiation of enriched (15.

[Y]Yttria Alumino Silicate Glass Microspheres: A Biosimilar Formulation to "TheraSphere" for Cost-Effective Treatment of Liver Cancer.

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) using a suitable β-emitting radionuclide is a promising treatment modality for unresectable liver carcinoma. Yttrium-90 (Y) [ = 64.2 h, (max) = 2.

Normal physiological distribution and tumor localization of 64 CuCl 2 in different human malignancies along with semiquantitative scoring: a comparative evaluation with 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG) PET-CT.

Objective: This study aimed to explore 64-Copper-Chloride ( 64 CuCl 2 ) PET-CT in various malignancies and demonstrate a head-to-head comparison of uptake on 64 CuCl 2 PET/computed tomography (CT) and 18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 FDG)-PET/CT scans for different malignancies, with an emphasis on 18 FDG nonavid malignancies.

Methods: Fifty-three patients diagnosed with various biopsy-proven malignancies (except prostate cancer) were recruited in this prospective study. All the patients underwent both 64 CuCl 2 PET/CT and 18 FDG-PET/CT.

Exploratory analysis of 64 CuCl 2 PET-CT imaging in carcinoma prostate and its comparison with 68 Ga-PSMA-11 and 18 F-FDG PET-CT.

Aim: Exploratory analysis of 64 CuCl 2 PET-CT imaging in patients of carcinoma prostate and its head-to-head comparison with 68 Ga-PSMA-11 and 18 F-FDG PET-CT.

Methods: In this prospective study, 50 patients of biopsy-proven carcinoma prostate belonging to the entire spectrum of disease were evaluated, out of which 21 patients were for initial staging and 29 were for restaging/response evaluation. Both 64 CuCl 2 (early and delayed) and 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT were undertaken in all patients and 18 F-FDG PET-CT was done in patients whenever possible.

Alpha-induced production and robust radiochemical separation of Sc as an emerging radiometal for formulation of PET radiopharmaceuticals.

Scandium-43 is an emerging PET radiometal that was produced by α-particle bombardment on natural CaCO target via Ca (α,p) Sc and Ca (α,n) Ti→Sc reactions using K-130 cyclotron at VECC. A robust radiochemical procedure based on selective precipitation of Sc as Sc(OH) was developed for separation of the radioisotope from the irradiated target. The overall yield of the separation process was >85% and it was obtained in a form suitable for preparation of target specific radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of cancer.

Biochemical separation of Cetuximab-Fab from papain-digested antibody fragments and radiolabeling with Cu for potential use in radioimmunotheranostics.

Engineered Fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) after radiolabeling with suitable radiometals have the potential to play a key role in personalized radioimmunotheranostics of cancer patients. In this study, we have generated Fab fragment of Cetuximab, a mAb targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and purified from the Fc and other fragments by ultrafiltration and affinity chromatography. The Cetuximab-Fab was conjugated with a suitable bifunctional chelator and radiolabeled with no-carrier-added (NCA) Cu produced via Zn (n, p) Cu reaction in a nuclear reactor.

A robust lyophilized kit for convenient one-step formulation of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)] in hospital radiopharmacy for clinical PET imaging.

The present article describes the development of robust lyophilized kit for convenient formulation of [Ga]Ga-DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)] (E = glutamic acid, R = arginine, G = glycine, D = aspartic acid, f = phenylalanine, K = lysine) radiopharmaceutical for clinical use in non-invasive monitoring of malignancies overexpressing integrin αβ receptors. Five batches of the kit were prepared with optimized kit contents, all of which showed high Ga-radiolabeling yield (>98%). Pre-clinical evaluation of the [Ga]Ga-radiotracer in SCID mice bearing FTC133 tumour exhibited significant accumulation in the tumor xenograft.

A solvent extraction-based procedure for removal of Sc impurity from reactor produced [Ca]CaCl for its potential use in bone pain palliation.

Calcium-45 [T = 163 d, E (max) = 0.3 MeV] is a pure β emitting radioisotope which can be envisaged for potential use in palliative care of pain due to skeletal metastases of primary cancer. During production of Ca in nuclear reactor via Ca (n,γ) Ca route, Sc is co-produced as a radionuclidic impurity.

A review of advances in the last decade on targeted cancer therapy using Lu: focusing on Lu produced by the direct neutron activation route.

Lutetium-177 [T½ = 6.76 d; E (max) = 0.497 MeV; maximum tissue range ~2.

Facile Synthesis of a Pt(IV) Prodrug of Cisplatin and Its Intrinsically Pt Labeled Analog: A Step Closer to Cancer Theranostic.

Background Aims And Objectives: Cisplatin is extensively used in chemotherapy for treatment of a broad range of cancers. But its undesired side reactions with biomolecules that lead to severe side effects especially on kidney and nervous system, are limiting its clinical utility. To reduce its side effects, the kinetically inert Pt(IV) prodrug was recognized as an alternative approach from satisfactory results of preliminary experiments.