Oncogene Numerical Imbalances Analysis in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: The over-activation of oncogenes is a critical genetic event in the development and progression of solid malignancies. Gene amplification and specific mutations represent the prominent mechanisms that convert proto-oncogenes into their active, oncogenic forms. oncogene (gene locus: 8q24.

Connexin-43 Protein Expression Pattern Analysis in Myocardial Infarction Tissues.

Background/aim: Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide in comparison to malignant neoplasia. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the result of severe ischemia due to a low consumption of oxygen in the myocardium. The main pathophysiological reason is a progressive obstructive atherosclerotic endothelial lesion that causes reduction in coronary blood flow and increases the corresponding arterial stenosis.

Micro-Epigenetic Markers in Viral Genome: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impact on Host Cell MicroRNA Landscape.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRs) are crucial micro-genetic markers that significantly manipulate gene expression in neoplastic/malignant and non-neoplastic diseases, as viral infections. Different expression patterns of miRs seem to partially influence the response rates to specific chemo-targeted therapeutic regimens and prognosis in cancer patients. Concerning their nature, miRs are short non-coding RNAs including 20-25 nucleotides hosted in intra- or intergenic regions.

Caspase 3 Expression Profiles in Meningioma Subtypes Based on Tissue Microarray Analysis.

Background/aim: Concerning primary central nervous system neoplasms, meningiomas demonstrate the most common type in adults worldwide. Deregulation of apoptotic pathways in malignancies, including meningiomas, is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Caspases represent crucial proteins that induce cell apoptosis.

Clinical Impact of Connexin 43 Deregulation on Myocardial Infraction.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major and multifaceted health problem but also the first cause of death in modern Western societies. Furthermore, myocardial infarction (MI) constitutes a challenge for analysis in the field of molecular mechanisms, early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches, as its incidence increases every year worldwide. Concerning the histopathological diagnosis in the corresponding cases, a variety of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers and methods are available to support conventional histology diagnosis.

Clinical Impact of C-myc Oncogenic Diversity on Solid and Lymphoid Malignancies.

Introduction: Onset and progression of malignant tumors is a multistep process including a variety of gross chromosomal and specific genes' deregulation. Among oncogenes that are frequently altered in solid and also in hematological malignancies, the C-myc (gene locus: 8q24.21) plays a pivotal role.

Evaluation of Quality of Life and Emotional Disturbances in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Unlabelled: Diabetes has detrimental effects on many organs, including the kidneys, heart, and the central nervous system, with ophthalmic involvement and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), specifically, being among the most severe and prominent consequences. Diabetic Retinopathy and especially advanced stages of the disease, have a crucial impact on patients' quality of life and emotional status. In this context, emotional imbalance, psychological side effects and comorbidities, like anxiety disorders, could emerge, deteriorating the patients' condition further.

Impact of Amplified Oncogenes on Salivary Gland Carcinomas.

In normal epithelia, proto-oncogenes regulate critical intra- or intercellular functions, including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling transduction from the cell periphery (extracellular space) to the nucleus mediated by different pathways. Oncogenes are the mutated or amplified forms of the corresponding proto-oncogenes that are crucially involved in cell neoplastic and malignant transformation during carcinogenesis. Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) demonstrate a variety of histogenetic types.

Mutational Signatures in Salivary Gland Carcinomas.

Salivary gland carcinomas belong to the head and neck carcinoma super category of malignancies. They are characterized by histopathological diversity and comprise a variety of entities and subtypes. Mucoepidermoid, adenoid cystic and salivary duct carcinomas represent the most prominent malignancies.

Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) Expression in Pterygia Using Cell Spot Arrays.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a main regulator of cell differentiation, cell migration and angiogenesis in normal and abnormal conjunctiva epithelia, but specific mechanisms of its aberrant expression are yet to be investigated. In the present study, we investigated FGF-2 protein expression within several pterygia. Using a liquid-based cytology assay, we obtained cell specimens from pterygia and healthy tissues directly from patients.

P53 Suppressor Gene Tissue Microarray-based Protein Expression Analysis in Meningiomas.

Background/aim: Meningiomas represent the main intracranial primary central nervous system (CNS) tumour in adults worldwide. Oncogenes' over-activation combined with suppressor genes' silencing affect negatively the biological behavior of these neoplasms. This study aimed to explore the impact of p53 suppressor gene expression in meningiomas' clinic-pathological features based on a combination of sophisticated techniques.

c-FOS Expression Analysis in Pterygia Cell Spot Arrays.

Background/aim: Mechanisms of c-FOS activation in the onset and progression of pterygia remain under investigation. This study aimed to comparatively analyze c-FOS proto-oncogene expression levels in neoplastic pterygia and normal epithelia.

Materials And Methods: We used a liquid-based cytology assay on thirty (n=30) pterygia cell populations and normal epithelia (n=10) extracted by a smooth scraping of conjunctiva epithelia.

Caspase 8 Expression Patterns in Meningiomas: A Tissue Microarray Digital Image Analysis.

Background: Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases) represent a family of enzymes that critically influence cell homeostasis by being involved in inflammation and apoptosis mechanisms. Meningiomas demonstrate the most common intracranial primary central nervous system tumors in adults worldwide.

Aim: Our purpose was to explore the role of caspase 8 expression in meningiomas' pathological features.

Residual cognitive and psychosocial functional impairment in outpatients in Greece who responded to conventional antidepressant monotherapy treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Background: Patients with MDD may experience diverse residual symptoms after clinical response to antidepressant treatment. Among these symptoms, cognitive problems in executive functioning are prominent and make functional recovery largely an unmet need for MDD patients. In this study we assessed cognitive symptoms and functional impairment in patients with MDD responding to antidepressant treatment.

Impact of Ubiquitination Signaling Pathway Modifications on Oral Carcinoma.

Among intra-cellular homeostasis mechanisms, ubiquitination plays a critical role in protein metabolism regulation by degrading proteins via activating a broad spectrum of ubiquitin chains. In fact, ubiquitination and sumoylation signaling pathways are characterized by increased complexity regarding the molecules and their interactions. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (Ub-PS) recognizes and targets a broad spectrum of protein substrates.

From delta to Omicron: S1-RBD/S2 mutation/deletion equilibrium in SARS-CoV-2 defined variants.

Coronavirus-related Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2002/2003, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012/2013, and especially the current 2019/2021 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected negatively the national health systems' endurance worldwide. SARS-Cov-2 virus belongs to lineage b of beta-CoVs demonstrating a strong phylogenetic similarity with BatCoVRaTG13 type. Spike (S) glycoprotein projections -consisting of two subunits S1/S2- provide a unique crown-like formation (corona) on virion's surface.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on oral carcinoma patients.

Coronavirus-related Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2002/2003, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-Cov) in 2012/2013, and especially the current 2019/2020 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) tested the national health systems' endurance worldwide. In order to fight this emergency situation, a variety of pharmaceutical companies focused on the design and development of efficient vaccines that are considered necessary for providing a level of normalization in totally affected human social-economical activity worldwide. COVID-19 led to an increased uncertainty in the field of oncological patients' management disrupting the normal conditions of therapeutic and monitoring procedures.

Targeting EGFR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a specific, aggressive pathological entity included in the Head and Neck Carcinoma (HNC) family of malignancies. NPC is derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelia expressing a high invasive and metastatic potential affecting negatively patients' prognosis due to poor survival rates. Concerning pathogenetic factors implicated in its rise and progression, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent but persistent infection is considered the main one.

Hospital workforce mental reaction to the pandemic in a low COVID-19 burden setting: a cross-sectional clinical study.

Τhe COVID-19 pandemic has mental health implications for both healthcare workforces and general population, particularly in regions heavily hit by the crisis. Τhe study aimed (i) to investigate anxiety- and depression severity differences between staff of a COVID-19 treatment unit (N = 84) and a hospital without such a unit (N = 55) in comparison to participants of a convenience general population online survey (N = 240) and (ii) to explore relations between such symptoms and hospital staff reaction to COVID-19 in a low COVID-19 burden setting. Anxiety was studied with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item in hospital workforces and with the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in online survey participants.

Clinical pharmacogenomics in action: design, assessment and implementation of a novel pharmacogenetic panel supporting drug selection for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).

Background: Pharmacogenomics describes the link between gene variations (polymorphisms) and drug responses. In view of the implementation of precision medicine in personalized healthcare, pharmacogenetic tests have recently been introduced in the clinical practice. However, the translational aspects of such tests have been limited due to the lack of robust population-based evidence.

Micro-RNAs signatures in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Among biomarkers that should be useful for a molecular discrimination of patients regarding treatment strategies and prognosis in solid malignancies, novel micro-RNAs (miRs) are under investigation. Quite recently, miRs are considered very promising and significant genetic markers for categorizing patients by their molecular characteristics, as well as extending their complicated genetic signatures. miRs are short, non-coding RNAs consisting of 20-25 nucleotides located at intra- or inter-gene regions.