Diabetes trends and determinants among Thai adults from 2004 to 2020.

The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly, with particular concern for undiagnosed, uncontrolled, and untreated diabetes. This study used data from the Thai National Health Examination Surveys in 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2020 to estimate the overall prevalence and trends of diabetes, diagnosed, treated, and controlled diabetes. We also used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the factors related to the prevalence of diabetes, as well as diagnosed, treated, and controlled diabetes, in the 2020 survey cycle.

Awareness of tobacco industry tactics among tobacco control communities in Thailand and its association with attitudes towards tobacco industry and perceptions of e-cigarettes.

Background: Tobacco industry denormalisation is a key strategy recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control as it is associated with reducing smoking behaviours and positively influencing public and policymakers' opinion towards tobacco control. However, studies of awareness of tobacco industry tactics among public health players and policymakers in low-income and middle-income countries are limited.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of individuals who had been involved in tobacco control in Thailand.

Addressing tobacco industry influence in tobacco-growing countries.

Protecting policy-making from tobacco industry influence is central to effective tobacco control governance. The inclusion of industry actors as stakeholders in policy processes remains a crucial avenue to corporate influence. This influence is reinforced by the idea that the tobacco industry is a legitimate partner to government in regulatory governance.

Association of supply sources of alcohol and alcohol-related harms in adolescent drinkers: the baseline characteristics of a high school cohort across Thailand.

Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between parental supply of alcohol, alcohol-related harms, and the severity of alcohol use disorder in Thai 7th grade middle school students.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study obtained the baseline data from the project named the Thailand Parental Supply and Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes & Drugs Longitudinal Study Cohort in Secondary School Students in 2018. The sample size was 1187 students who have ever sipped or drank alcohol in the past 12 months.

Association between electronic cigarette use and depression among Thai adolescents: The Thailand National Health Examination Survey 2019-2020.

Introduction: Depression and e-cigarette use among adolescents are two health burdens. However, the association between these dual problems have been less studied, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the association between depression and e-cigarette use among adolescents in Thailand.

Longitudinal bidirectional association between youth electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in Thailand.

Introduction: This study quantifies the longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and subsequent conventional cigarette initiation and vice versa among Thai youths.

Methods: Data from a longitudinal survey of 6045 Thai seventh grade students with baseline in 2019 and the 12-month follow-up in 2020 were analysed using complex survey multivariate logistic regressions to assess whether e-cigarette use was associated with subsequent cigarette smoking (ever, current and dual product users at follow-up) among baseline never smokers.

Results: Consistent with prior findings from other countries, among those who had never smoked cigarettes at baseline, ever e-cigarette users were more likely to try cigarette smoking (adjusted OR 4.

Active Smokers Are at Higher Risk of COVID-19 Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Current evidence indicates that smoking worsens COVID-19 outcomes. However, when studies restricted their analyses to current smokers, the risks for COVID-19 severity and death are inconsistent.

Aims And Methods: This meta-analysis explored the association between current smoking and the risk for mortality based on the studies that reported all three categories of smoking (current, former, and never smokers) to overcome the limitation of the previous meta-analyses which former smokers might have been classified as nonsmokers.

Moving targets: how the rapidly changing tobacco and nicotine landscape creates advertising and promotion policy challenges.

Tobacco, nicotine and related products have and continue to change rapidly, creating new challenges for policies regulating their advertising, promotion, sponsorship and sales. This paper reviews recent commercial product offerings and the regulatory challenges associated with them. This includes electronic nicotine delivery systems, electronic non-nicotine delivery systems, personal vaporisers, heated tobacco products, nicotine salts, tobacco-free nicotine products, other nicotine products resembling nicotine replacement therapies, and various vitamin and cannabis products that share delivery devices or marketing channels with tobacco products.

Smoking is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 particularly among younger adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Smoking impairs lung immune function and damages upper airways, increasing risks of contracting and severity of infectious diseases. This paper quantifies the association between smoking and COVID-19 disease progression.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies published from January 1-May 25, 2020.

Use of E-Cigarettes and Associated Factors among Youth in Thailand.

Objective: The study explored e-cigarette use among youth and associated factors in Thailand.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 6,045 seventh grade students selected using a multistage design. Self-administered questionnaires relating to the socio-demographic characteristics, history of cigarette and e-cigarette uses, friends' and family's use of e-cigarettes, knowledge and perception of e-cigarette use, history of alcohol uses, and life assets were gathered.

Intervening alcohol marketing to reduce harmful alcohol use and lessons learned from the theory of changes: Case studies in Thailand.

Objectives: Globally, the burden of disease caused by alcohol use has been steadily increasing, including in Thailand. In this study, we aim to test the effectiveness of Anderson et al.'s suggested three approaches to change the collective social norms, which comprise of: (1) providing information and an understanding about alcohol use behaviour, its causes and distribution; (2) focusing strategies on groups rather than individuals; and (3) strengthening supportive laws, regulations and approaches.

How to combat efforts to overturn bans on electronic nicotine delivery systems: lessons from tobacco industry efforts during the 1980s to open closed cigarette markets in Thailand.

Until 1990, it was illegal for transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) to sell cigarettes in Thailand. We reviewed and analysed internal tobacco industry documents relevant to the Thai market during the 1980s. TTCs' attempts to access the Thai cigarette market during the 1980s concentrated on political lobbying, advertising and promotion of the foreign brands that were illegal to sell in Thailand at the time.

Association between tobacco control policies and hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in Thailand, 2006-2017: A time series analysis.

Introduction: Studies in many countries have documented reductions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalizations with smokefree policies. However, evidence on the association of cigarette tax with AMI events is unclear. There have been no studies of the associations between these two policies and AMI hospitalizations in Thailand.

Successful countering of tobacco industry efforts to overturn Thailand's ENDS ban.

Background: After Thailand enacted laws to ban the import and sale of all types of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, including e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs)) in 2015, pro-ENDS advocacy groups pressured the government to lift the ban, particularly after Philip Morris International (PMI) started promoting its HTP IQOS in 2017.

Methods: We reviewed information related to ENDS in Thailand between 2014 and 2019 from Thai newspaper articles, meeting minutes and letters submitted to government agencies, websites and social media platforms of pro-ENDS networks and Thai tobacco control organisations.

Results: The tobacco industry and the pro-ENDS groups used five tactics to try to reverse the Thai ban on ENDS: creating front groups, lobbying decision-makers, running public relations campaigns, seeking to discredit tobacco control advocates and funding pro-tobacco harm reduction research.

Paradox of sustainability in tobacco control in Thailand: A comprehensive assessment of three-decade experiences.

Background: Over the past 3 decades of tobacco control, Thailand has gained international recognition as a middle-income country with sustained achievement of declining smoking prevalence. However, the number of key Framework Convention on Tobacco Control measures implementation is still far away from the highest-level implementation. As a result, we aim to explore explanatory factors for the paradoxical phenomenon of sustainability in tobacco control in Thailand, to understand what the paradox means, why it happens, and how to take further steps in minimizing the paradox.

Smoking is associated with worse outcomes of COVID-19 particularly among younger adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Smoking impairs lung immune functions and damages upper airways, increasing risks of contracting and severity of infectious diseases.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies published from January 1-May 25, 2020. We included studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease, including death.

Smoking is Associated with COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To determine the association between smoking and progression of COVID-19.

Design: A meta-analysis of 12 published papers.

Data Source: PubMed database was searched on April 6, 2020.

Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting other infectious diseases and more serious outcomes among people who become infected. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the association between smoking and progression of the infectious disease COVID-19.

Methods: PubMed was searched on April 28, 2020, with search terms "smoking", "smoker*", "characteristics", "risk factors", "outcomes", and "COVID-19", "COVID", "coronavirus", "sar cov-2", "sar cov 2".

Trend analysis of smoking-attributable hospitalizations in Thailand, 2007-2014.

Introduction: Tobacco use is a major preventable risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. Smoking-attributable mortality has been well described. However, the prevalence of smoking-attributable hospitalization (SAH) and associated costs have been less documented, especially in low- and middle-income countries.