Disinfectant and antibiotic resistance in water isolates.

has been found in drinking water distribution systems worldwide, and infections have been increasing in frequency. The emergence of dominant circulating clones within clinical settings and during chronic disease has been considered a potential cause of the increasing frequency of disease. However, has been thought to be largely environmentally acquired, and how selective pressures in the environment may be influencing evolution has not previously been considered.

Infection by Clonally Related Isolates: The Role of Drinking Water.

(MABS) group bacteria cause lethal infections in people with chronic lung diseases. Transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood; the detection of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) has suggested the potential for person-to-person transmission. This study aimed to determine the role of drinking water in the transmission of MABS.

Extended water stagnation in buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic increases the risks posed by opportunistic pathogens.

The regrowth and subsequent exposure of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) whilst reopening buildings that have been locked down due to the stay-at-home restrictions to limit the spread of COVID-19, is a public health concern. To better understand such microbiological risks due to lowered occupancy and water demand in buildings, first and post-flush water samples (n = 48) were sampled from 24 drinking water outlets from eight university buildings in two campuses (urban and rural), with various end-user occupancies. Both campuses were served with chlorinated water originating from a single drinking water distribution system in South-East Queensland, situated 14 km apart, where the rural campus had lower chlorine residuals.

Evaluation of urine drug screen falsification of results among patients with opioid use disorder receiving treatment in a telehealth model of care.

Introduction: As telehealth models for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) are expanding, the field does not know the reliability of urine drug screening (UDS) in this setting. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of falsification of UDS testing among patients with OUD in active treatment with buprenorphine via a telehealth provider.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 899 randomly selected eligible patients, of which 392 participated in the final cohort that the study team used for analysis.

In vitro susceptibility testing of imipenem-relebactam and tedizolid against 102 Mycobacterium abscessus isolates.

Objectives: Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging infection in people living with lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis, and it has limited treatment options and low cure rates. The off-label use of novel antibiotics developed for other bacterial pathogens offers potential new therapeutic options. We aimed to describe the in vitro activity of imipenem, imipenem-relebactam and tedizolid against comparator antibiotics in M.

The Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Irradiation on the Viability of Airborne .

() is the predominant bacterial pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and can be transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. Little is known about the ability of ultraviolet band C (UV-C) irradiation to inactivate at doses and conditions relevant to implementation in indoor clinical settings. We assessed the effectiveness of UV-C (265 nm) at up to seven doses on the decay of nebulized aerosols (clonal strain) under a range of experimental conditions.

Mycobacterium shimoidei, a Rare Pulmonary Pathogen, Queensland, Australia.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are human pathogens with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Mycobacterium shimoidei is a rare cause of pulmonary disease, with only 15 cases previously reported. This series documents an additional 23 cases of M.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: baseline data from three sites in Papua New Guinea, 2010-2012.

Objective: To determine the proportion of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in samples of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases from Papua New Guinea who were diagnosed using acid-fast microscopy.

Methods: As part of a case detection study for TB, conducted in three provincial hospitals in Papua New Guinea, sputum samples of suspected tuberculous cases aged 15 years or older were collected from November 2010 to July 2012. Mycobacterial species isolated from sputum and grown in culture were examined to distinguish between NTM and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).

Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in different provinces of Papua New Guinea.

Background: Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country of the WHO Western Pacific Region, but so far research on drug resistance (DR) and genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) was only conducted in few provinces in the country. The aim of the present study was to obtain baseline data on the level of drug resistance and the genotypic diversity of circulating M.

Rapidly growing mycobacteria associated with laparoscopic gastric banding, Australia, 2005-2011.

Laparoscopic gastric banding is a common bariatric procedure worldwide. Rapidly growing mycobacteria are environmental organisms increasingly seen as pathogens,often in infected prosthetic material. We report 18 cases of infection associated with laparoscopic gastric banding caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum and M.

TB incidence and characteristics in the remote gulf province of Papua New Guinea: a prospective study.

Background: The incidence and characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in remote areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG) are largely unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of TB in the Gulf Province of PNG and describe disease characteristics, co-morbidities and drug resistance profiles that could impact on disease outcomes and transmission.

Methods: Between March 2012 and June 2012, we prospectively collected data on 274 patients presenting to Kikori Hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of TB, and on hospital inpatients receiving TB treatment during the study period.

Isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from household water and shower aerosols in patients with pulmonary disease caused by NTM.

It has been postulated that susceptible individuals may acquire infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from water and aerosol exposure. This study examined household water and shower aerosols of patients with NTM pulmonary disease. The mycobacteria isolated from clinical samples from 20 patients included M.

Tuberculosis in Australia: bacteriologically confirmed cases and drug resistance, 2010. A report of the Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network.

The Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network collects and analyses laboratory data on new cases of disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In 2010, a total of 1,051 cases were identified by bacteriology; an annual reporting rate of 4.7 cases per 100,000 population.

Factors associated with the isolation of Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from a large municipal water system in Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are normal inhabitants of a variety of environmental reservoirs including natural and municipal water. The aim of this study was to document the variety of species of NTM in potable water in Brisbane, QLD, with a specific interest in the main pathogens responsible for disease in this region and to explore factors associated with the isolation of NTM. One-litre water samples were collected from 189 routine collection sites in summer and 195 sites in winter.

Drug resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Madang, Papua New Guinea.

Background: Monitoring drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is essential to curb the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, drug susceptibility testing is currently not available in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and that impairs TB control in this country. We report for the first time M.

Tuberculosis in Australia: bacteriologically confirmed cases and drug resistance, 2008 and 2009. A report of the Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network.

There were 886 and 1,062 bacteriologically-confirmed cases of tuberculosis (TB) in 2008 and 2009, representing an annual rate of 4.1 and 4.9 cases per 100,000 population respectively.

Mycobacterium lentiflavum in drinking water supplies, Australia.

Mycobacterium lentiflavum, a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium, is a rare cause of human disease. It has been isolated from environmental samples worldwide. To assess the clinical significance of M.

Tuberculosis in Australia: bacteriologically confirmed cases and drug resistance, 2007. A report of the Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network.

The Australian Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory Network collects and analyses laboratory data on new cases of disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. In 2007, a total of 872 cases were identified by bacteriology; an annual reporting rate of 4.1 cases per 100,000 population.

Clinical significance of Mycobacterium asiaticum isolates in Queensland, Australia.

Mycobacterium asiaticum was first reported as a cause of human disease in 1982, with only a few cases in the literature to date. This study aims to review the clinical significance of M. asiaticum isolates in Queensland, Australia.

Comparison of methods for processing drinking water samples for the isolation of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Several protocols for isolation of mycobacteria from water exist, but there is no established standard method. This study compared methods of processing potable water samples for the isolation of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare using spiked sterilized water and tap water decontaminated using 0.005% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC).