Assessment of the epidural distribution of sequential boluses of iohexol injected at the sacrococcygeal space in anesthetized cats.

Objective: To determine the distribution of injectate (iohexol) at the feline sacrococcygeal space using CT and thereby identify the volume necessary to reach the 10th thoracic intervertebral foramina (T10-T11), where nociceptive neurons from the ovaries enter the spinal cord.

Methods: 7 healthy, purpose-bred, 1- to 2-year-old intact female domestic shorthair cats were anesthetized and positioned in sternal recumbency. After baseline vertebral column CT, a stimulating needle connected to a nerve stimulator (current, 0.

Etorphine induces pathophysiology in immobilized white rhinoceros through sympathomimesis that is attenuated by butorphanol.

White rhinoceros are a sentinel species for important ecosystems in southern Africa. Their conservation requires active management of their population, which, in turn, requires immobilization of individuals with an ultra-potent opioid such as etorphine. Unfortunately, when immobilized with etorphine, they develop severe hypoxaemia that may contribute to morbidity and mortality.

Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Effects of a Single Oral Dose of Oxycodone in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study.

Oxycodone, a full mu opioid receptor agonist prescribed for moderate-to-severe pain in people, could provide outpatient analgesia for dogs with post-operative or cancer pain. To determine the pharmacokinetic profile and physiological side effects of a single oral (PO) dose, five healthy, 2-year-old, castrated male hounds were administered a standard amount of food, with or without immediate-release oxycodone (1 mg/kg), in random order, separated by 1 month. At intervals between 0.

A newly developed recovery-enhancing device improves recovery scores during emergence from general anesthesia in horses: a randomized trial.

Objective: To compare the quality of recovery in horses emerging from general anesthesia with or without the assistance of a novel device (recovery-enhancing device [RED]) designed to minimize high-energy falls.

Animals: 20 mixed-breed horses, between July 1, 2023, and January 24, 2024.

Methods: A computer-controlled belay system designed to slow the acceleration of a horse during a fall was evaluated in this study.

A proposed rescue transesophageal echocardiographic protocol for anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To describe the acquisition and pitfalls of a 3-view transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) protocol in anesthetized, dorsally recumbent dogs.

Animals: 8 beagles, 1 to 2 years old, 7.4 to 11.

Duration of neuromuscular block is more variable and recovery time is shorter with rocuronium than cisatracurium in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To compare the variability in the duration of action of a single dose of rocuronium or cisatracurium, and duration of subsequent top-up doses in anesthetized dogs.

Animals: Thirty dogs requiring ophthalmic surgery with neuromuscular block.

Procedures: Neuromuscular function was monitored with train-of-four (TOF) and acceleromyography.

Block duration is substantially longer with a liposomal suspension of bupivacaine than with 0.5% bupivacaine HCl potentiated with dexmedetomidine following an ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in Beagles.

Objective: To compare the duration of bupivacaine liposome suspension in the dog with that of bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine following a perineural injection.

Animals: 8 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: The left sciatic nerve of each dog was randomly assigned to an ultrasound-guided perineural injection with either bupivacaine liposome suspension (BLS) or with 0.

Transverse abdominis plane injection of bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine or a bupivacaine liposomal suspension yielded lower pain scores and requirement for rescue analgesia in a controlled, randomized trial in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the duration and analgesic quality of bupivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (BUP-DEX) or bupivacaine liposome suspension (BLS) administered as a transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block, compared with a negative control (no TAP block; CTRL) in dogs.

Animals: 26 mixed-breed shelter dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy between January 28 and December 8, 2020.

Procedures: Each dog was randomly assigned to receive either an ultrasound-guided TAP block with either BUP-DEX or BLS or to receive no TAP block at time 0 after induction of general anesthesia.

Distribution and Magnitude of Regional Volumetric Lung Strain and Its Modification by PEEP in Healthy Anesthetized and Mechanically Ventilated Dogs.

The present study describes the magnitude and spatial distribution of lung strain in healthy anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs with and without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Total lung strain (LS) has a dynamic (LS) and a static (LS) component. Due to lung heterogeneity, global lung strain may not accurately represent regional total tissue lung strain (TS), which may also be described by a regional dynamic (TS) and static (TS) component.

Retrospective study of the prevalence of factors contributing to successful standing at first attempt in horses recovering from general anesthesia.

Objective: Several factors affect the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in horses. These can increase the likelihood of injury. Body and limb position during recovery may correlate with successful standing.

The Canine Postamputation Pain (CAMPPAIN) initiative: a retrospective study and development of a diagnostic scale.

Objective: To develop a scale to diagnose and assess the severity of postamputation pain (PAP) in dogs.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Animals: A total of 66 dogs that underwent thoracic or pelvic limb amputation and 139 dogs that underwent tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) at a veterinary teaching hospital.

Muscle tremors observed in white rhinoceroses immobilised with either etorphine-azaperone or etorphine-midazolam: An initial study.

Etorphine-azaperone is the most commonly used drug combination for chemical immobilisation of free-ranging white rhinoceroses, but causes several profound physiological disturbances, including muscle tremors. The addition of benzodiazepine sedatives, such as midazolam, has been proposed to reduce the muscular rigidity and tremors in immobilised rhinoceroses. Twenty-three free-ranging, sub-adult white rhinoceros bulls were darted and captured using a combination of etorphine plus either azaperone or midazolam.

THE PULMONARY AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF SUSPENSION BY THE FEET COMPARED WITH LATERAL RECUMBENCY IN IMMOBILIZED BLACK RHINOCEROSES (DICEROS BICORNIS) CAPTURED BY AERIAL DARTING.

Aerial translocation of captured black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) has been accomplished by suspending them by their feet. We expected this posture would compromise respiratory gas exchange more than would lateral recumbency. Because white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) immobilized with etorphine alone are hypermetabolic, with a high rate of carbon dioxide production (VCO2), we expected immobilized black rhinoceroses would also have a high VCO2.

Retrospective study on the use of lumbosacral epidural analgesia during caesarean section surgery in 182 dogs: Impact on blood pressure, analgesic use and delays.

Background: We evaluated the use of lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia (LEA) in dogs undergoing caesarean section over 10 years.

Methods: Anaesthetic records were reviewed and divided into two treatment groups: LEA and control. Outcome variables identified a priori as potentially affected by LEA were compared between groups.

Questionnaire on the process of recovering horses from general anesthesia and associated personnel injury in equine practice.

Objective: To collect data about the current practice of recovering horses from general anesthesia and recovery personnel safety.

Study Design: Online survey.

Methods: An online questionnaire, including questions on general demographic data, recovery drugs, modality and characteristics of equine recovery and morbidity and mortality, was designed and distributed via e-mail to equine practitioners worldwide.

Evaluation of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor in anesthetized dogs: Agreement with direct measurements and ability to detect hypotension.

We evaluated the agreement between oscillometric and direct blood pressure monitors in anesthetized dogs and evaluated the ability of the oscillometric method to detect MAP <60 mmHg. Forty client-owned dogs, three months to 14 years old, 4.6-50.

Retrospective investigation of an association between high-dose buprenorphine and perpetuation of post-anesthesia hyperthermia in cats following ovariohysterectomy.

Objectives: We evaluated a potential association between the administration of high-dose buprenorphine and perpetuation of hyperthermia in cats following ovariohysterectomy (OVH). We hypothesized that buprenorphine 0.24 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) would result in longer-lasting postoperative hyperthermia in cats vs a group receiving morphine 0.

What hinders pulmonary gas exchange and changes distribution of ventilation in immobilized white rhinoceroses () in lateral recumbency?

This study used electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurements of regional ventilation and perfusion to elucidate the reasons for severe gas exchange impairment reported in rhinoceroses during opioid-induced immobilization. EIT values were compared with standard monitoring parameters to establish a new monitoring tool for conservational immobilization and future treatment options. Six male white rhinoceroses were immobilized using etorphine, and EIT ventilation variables, venous admixture, and dead space were measured 30, 40, and 50 min after becoming recumbent in lateral position.

Evaluation of a regional nerve block with an experimental formulation of encapsulated lidocaine in sheep.

Objective: To compare the duration of nociceptive and proprioceptive blockade from an experimental encapsulated lidocaine preparation with that of conventional lidocaine.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomly assigned, crossover study.

Animals: A total of six adult Dorset ewes, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, weighing 60.

Postoperative oxygenation in healthy dogs following mechanical ventilation with fractions of inspired oxygen of 0.4 or >0.9.

Objective: To evaluate arterial oxygenation during the first 4 postoperative hours in dogs administered different fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO) during general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 20 healthy female dogs, weighing >15 kg and body condition scores 3-7/9, admitted for ovariohysterectomy.

A retrospective analysis of the epidural use of bupivacaine 0.0625-0.125% with opioids in bitches undergoing cesarean section.

Epidural anesthesia, often used during cesarean surgery, can exacerbate hypotension from general anesthesia and delay discharge due to motor block. Decreasing the local anesthetic dose might reduce those complications. Cases of dogs undergoing cesarean section that were anesthetized without epidural ( = 29) (control) and dogs with low-dose epidural bupivacaine with fentanyl or buprenorphine ( = 37) were reviewed.

Histological, electrophysiological and clinical effects of thermal radiofrequency therapy of the saphenous nerve and pulsed radiofrequency therapy of the sciatic nerve in dogs.

Objective: Thermal radiofrequency (TRF) of the saphenous nerve (a sensory nerve) combined with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the sciatic nerve (a sensory and motor nerve) might relieve intractable stifle osteoarthritis (OA) pain in dogs. The objective was to determine if saphenous nerve TRF induces Wallerian degeneration and if sciatic nerve PRF induces degeneration or dysfunction.

Study Design: Blinded, controlled, randomized, preclinical study.