Exploring socio-ecological context and mental health of Ukrainian refugees in Italy through eco-map: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Following the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine, an estimated 8,174,189 refugees have fled (April 2023). Refugee status leads to a higher prevalence of mental illness, which may also arise or be worsened by post-migration stressors. Although a growing literature on the social determinants of mental health, little is known on the Ukrainian refugee population.

ICS use trajectories in severe asthma patients on benralizumab: real-life data from 3-years follow-up.

Background: Inhaled steroids dose reduction is a relevant goal in severe asthma management.

Research Question: We aimed to investigate ICS use trajectories and their clinical impact in severe asthma patients on benralizumab over 36 months.

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective real-life observational study including clinical and inflammatory parameters.

How Social-Relational Context Impacts the Mental Health of Adolescent and Young Adults Living with and Without HIV in Mozambique: A Social Network Analysis Study.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the social-relational context of adolescents and young adults living with (AYALHIV) and without HIV (AYAHIV-) in the city of Beira (Mozambique) and to assess how it can impact their mental health.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with three-level assessment was conducted between July and August 2023. Socio-economic factors were assessed through an ad-hoc questionnaire, mental health through symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and social-relational networks using social network analysis (SNA).

Barriers and facilitators to accessing Non-Communicable Disease services among children, adolescents and young people with Type 1 Diabetes in Mozambique: a quantitative content analysis using the COM-B framework.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and diabetes in particular, are on the rise even in sub-Saharan African countries. Despite this, access to care is still poor. This study aimed to assess barriers/facilitators to access NCDs services for children, adolescents and young people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) in Mozambique.

Impact of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic on access to health services in Angola: a focus on diagnosis and treatment services for tuberculosis.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, it significantly affected several health services for infectious diseases such as HIV; however, less is known about its impact on Tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to assess the pandemic's impact on access to health services in Angola, focusing on diagnosis and treatment services for TB.

Navigating healthcare pathways: Cascade of prevention and care for chronic viral hepatitis in asylum seekers and refugees. A multicenter analysis in Northern Italy.

Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of mortality and a global public health challenge that, until recently, has been largely neglected as a health priority. This study describes the prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in asylum seekers and refugees who participated in screening across three cities in Northern Italy. The analysis highlights significant pitfalls in linkage and retention in care, as well as factors associated with continuing or discontinuing the healthcare pathways, controlling for WHO Region of origin, gender, age and study site.

Profiling Blood Hypereosinophilia in Patients on Dupilumab Treatment for Respiratory Conditions: A Real-Life Snapshot.

Background: A transient and usually asymptomatic increase in blood eosinophil count (BEC) associated with dupilumab treatment has been described. Predicting factors related to the increase in BEC and the occurrence of symptoms are still poorly investigated.

Objective: To investigate frequency, timing, duration, clinical relevance, and potential predictors of the increase in BEC in a real-life multicenter cohort of patients affected by asthma and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treated with dupilumab.

Long-Term Eosinophil Depletion: A Real-World Perspective on the Safety and Durability of Benralizumab Treatment in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma.

Benralizumab is an anti-IL-5 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody that induces the near-complete depletion of eosinophils. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of benralizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) over an extended 48-month follow-up period, offering one of the longest real-world perspectives available. This was a single-arm, retrospective, observational, multicenter study involving 123 SEA patients treated with benralizumab at a dosage of 30 mg every 4 weeks for the first 3 doses and then every 8 weeks.

Assessing the impact of a community-based psychodrama intervention on mental health promotion of adolescents and young adults in Mozambique: A mixed-methods study.

Background: While mental health is an emerging issue in low-income countries, its promotion remains poor, with little context-oriented evidence available. Here we aimed to assess the impact and acceptability/feasibility of a community-based psychodrama intervention involving both adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV (AYALHIV) and without HIV (AYAHIV-).

Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach, where the quantitative part was based on pre/post questionnaires and the qualitative one on content analysis of semi-structured interviews.

Safety profile assessment of HPV4 and HPV9 vaccines through the passive surveillance system of the Veneto Region (Italy) between 2008 and 2022: A 15-year retrospective observational study.

In Veneto Region, HPV vaccine has been actively offered to 12 year-old females since 2008, and to 12 year-old males since 2015. The study aims to analyze the safety profile of HPV4v and HPV9v vaccines and perform a case-by-case review of conditions of interest. Spontaneous reports related to HPV uploaded to the database of the Regional Pharmacovigilance Center between 2008-2022 were included.

Effectiveness of the Hypertension Screening Corner in Enhancing the Cascade of Care at Primary Healthcare Center Level: Evidence from Zambezia, Mozambique.

Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, whose death burden is dramatically increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. To curb its effects, early diagnosis and effective follow-up are essential. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of a hypertension screening corner on the hypertension care cascade at the primary healthcare level.

Assessing the resilience of HIV healthcare services provided to adolescents and young adults after the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Beira (Mozambique): an interrupted time series analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has put the provision of health services globally at risk. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it had a major impact on HIV services. However, there is a lack of data on the post-pandemic period.

Assessing the mental health needs of Yazidi adolescents and young adults in an Iraqi Kurdi IDP Camp: a focus group study.

Background: Internally displaced people (IDP) in Iraq are 1.2 million (as March 2023). Protracted refugee status endangers the mental health, especially of minorities who survived persecution and conflict, such as the Yazidis.

Dupilumab Efficacy on Asthma Functional, Inflammatory, and Patient-Reported Outcomes across Different Disease Phenotypes and Severity: A Real-Life Perspective.

Dupilumab is currently approved for the treatment of Type 2 severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Few studies have specifically reported on dupilumab efficacy on asthma outcomes as a primary objective in a real-life setting, in patients with and without CRSwNP. Our study aimed to explore the efficacy of dupilumab on functional, inflammatory, and patient-reported outcomes in asthma patients across different disease phenotypes and severity, including mild-to-moderate asthma coexisting with CRSwNP.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated factors, based on HIV serostatus, in young people in Sofala province, Mozambique.

Introduction: In Sofala province (Mozambique), young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) are estimated at 7% among people aged 15-24 years. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic threatened HIV health services, data on the impact of COVID-19 on YPLHIV people are lacking. This study aimed at exploring the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated factors among young people based on their HIV status.

Exploring the use of cluster analysis to assess antibiotic stewardship in critically-ill neonates in a low resource setting.

Background: Sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal death in low and middle-income countries, accounting for one third of all deaths in Ethiopia. A concerning issue is the increasing number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms facilitated by suboptimal antibiotic stewardship. The study aims to identify clusters of newborns switching antibiotic lines for sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Ethiopia, and to explore their potential association with sepsis outcomes.

Low-dose anti-IL 5 treatment in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: towards a precision medicine approach for remission maintenance.

Mepolizumab at the dose of 300 mg/4 weeks has been recently approved as an add-on therapy for patients with uncontrolled hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) without any identifiable non-hematologic secondary cause. According to the available real-life evidence mepolizumab 300 mg and 100 mg, licensed for severe eosinophilic asthma, are comparable in terms of drug efficacy. However, the clinical rationale for selecting one dose or the other has not been explored.

Impact and burden of sickle cell disease in critically ill obstetric patients in a high dependency unit in Sierra Leone-a registry based evaluation.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) in pregnancy is associated with worse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is limited available data describing the burden and outcomes of critically ill obstetric patients affected by SCD in low-income settings.

Objectives: We aimed to define SCD burden and impact on mortality in critically-ill obstetric patients admitted to an urban referral hospital in Sierra Leone.

Disparities in access to COVID-19 vaccine in Verona, Italy: a cohort study using local health immunization data.

Introduction: Migrant populations worldwide were disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although substantial resources have been invested in scaling COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, globally vaccine rate and uptake remained low among migrants from across many countries. This study aimed to explore the country of birth as a factor influencing access to the COVID-19 vaccine.

Testing of Coding Algorithms for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identification, as Indication for Use of Biological Drugs, Using a Claims Database from Southern Italy.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic diseases that have been increasingly treated with biological drugs in recent years. Newly developed coding algorithms for IBD identification using claims databases are needed to improve post-marketing surveillance of biological drugs.

Objective: To test algorithms to identify CD and UC, as indication for use of biological drugs approved for IBD treatment, using a claims database.

NudiXes have RNA-decapping activity.

Recent discoveries of various noncanonical RNA caps, such as dinucleoside polyphosphates (Np N), coenzyme A (CoA), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in all domains of life have led to a revision of views on RNA cap function and metabolism. Enzymes from the NudiX family capable of hydrolyzing a polyphosphate backbone attached to a nucleoside are the strongest candidates for degradation of noncanonically capped RNA. The model plant organism encodes as many as 28 NudiX enzymes.