Correction: Associations Among Diet, Health, Lifestyle, and Gut Microbiota Composition in the General French Population: Protocol for the Le French Gut - Le Microbiote Français Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/64894.].

Role of medico-administrative database in the selection of the target population in colorectal cancer screening program.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in average-risk populations requires filtering a target population based on medical information in population-based CRC screening programs (CRCSP). This study describes the level of consensus in medical exclusion practice and the role of the medico-administrative databases (MADB) in accurately targeting the eligible individuals for CRCSP screening campaigns.

Design: The descriptive study combined a cross-sectional survey and a non-systematic literature review.

Ileal starch digestibility and the postprandial glycemic response to faba beans in healthy humans.

Legumes are a sustainable protein source and a recommended starchy food in healthy diets. Resistant starch has shown beneficial effects on glycemic control. However, the digestibility of the starch, indicating the amount of resistant starch, in legumes has been poorly studied in humans.

Associations Among Diet, Health, Lifestyle, and Gut Microbiota Composition in the General French Population: Protocol for the Le French Gut - Le Microbiote Français Study.

Background: Over the past 2 decades, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key player in human health, being involved in many different clinical contexts. Yet, many aspects of the relationship with its host are poorly documented. One obstacle is the substantial variability in wet-laboratory procedures and data processing implemented during gut microbiota studies, which poses a challenge of comparability and potential meta-analysis.

Prospective assessment of learning curve and impact of intensive versus progressive training in colonoscopy competence among French residents.

Backgrounds: There are no existing data in the literature on the learning curve of French interns in colonoscopy or on the comparison between different frequencies of colonoscopy training modalities. We aimed to assess the number of procedures required for French residents in hepatogastroenterology to achieve competency in colonoscopy.

Methods: The primary outcome was achieving greater than 90% cecal intubation rate (CIR90) competency using the Learning Curve-Cumulative Summation (LC-CUSUM) method.

Comparative safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in key subgroups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: A cohort study based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS).

Background: Risk factors and comorbidities can complicate management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. We describe and compare real-world safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in subgroups of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation at high risk for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, utilizing data from a national quasi-exhaustive French database.

Methods: Anticoagulant-naïve adults with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with ≥1 gastrointestinal bleeding risk factor, initiating anticoagulant treatment January 2016-December 2019, and covered by the French national health data system were eligible.

Comparative safety and effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding: A nationwide French cohort study.

Background: This observational study compared effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) at high risk for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Methods: Anticoagulant-naïve adults with NVAF with ≥1 GIB risk factor, initiating anticoagulant treatment January 2016-December 2019, and covered by the French national health data system were eligible. Outcomes included major bleeding (MB) and stroke/systemic embolism (SE).

Review: Food-induced mucosal alterations visualized using endomicroscopy.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel technique allowing real time in vivo microscopy during standard endoscopy. Recently, acute mucosal alterations after food administration visualized by CLE have been linked to symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Interestingly, the observed reactions occurred in subjects without demonstrable allergic sensitization to food-this is in line with mechanistic research showing local but not systemic allergic sensitization to foods in an animal model for IBS.

AI-assisted capsule endoscopy reading in suspected small bowel bleeding: a multicentre prospective study.

Background: Capsule endoscopy reading is time consuming, and readers are required to maintain attention so as not to miss significant findings. Deep convolutional neural networks can recognise relevant findings, possibly exceeding human performances and reducing the reading time of capsule endoscopy. Our primary aim was to assess the non-inferiority of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted reading versus standard reading for potentially small bowel bleeding lesions (high P2, moderate P1; Saurin classification) at per-patient analysis.

Loss of symbiotic and increase of virulent bacteria through microbial networks in Lynch syndrome colon carcinogenesis.

Purpose: Through a pilot study, we performed whole gut metagenomic analysis in 17 Lynch syndrome (LS) families, including colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their healthy first-degree relatives. In a second asymptomatic LS cohort (n=150) undergoing colonoscopy-screening program, individuals with early precancerous lesions were compared to those with a normal colonoscopy. Since bacteria are organized into different networks within the microbiota, we compared related network structures in patients and controls.

True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility and Protein Quality of N-Labeled Faba Bean in Healthy Humans.

Background: The recommended transition toward more plant-based diets, particularly containing legumes, requires a wider knowledge of plant protein bioavailability. Faba beans are cultivated at different latitudes and are used increasingly in human nutrition.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the nutritional quality of faba bean protein in healthy volunteers equipped with an intestinal tube to implement the ileal N balance method.

Endoscopic GI placement of capsule endoscopy to investigate the small bowel: a multicenter European retrospective series of 630 procedures in adult patients.

Background And Aims: Small-bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE) is a first-line procedure for exploring the SB. Endoscopic GI PlacemenT (EGIPT) of SB CE is sometimes necessary. Although experience with EGIPT is considerable in pediatric populations, we aimed to describe the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of EGIPT of SB CE in adult patients.

Values for the Digestibility of Pea Protein Isolate or Casein Amino Acids Determined using the Dual Isotope Method Are Not Similar to Those Derived with the Standard Ileal Balance Method in Healthy Volunteers.

Background: The measurement of ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility is invasive and inappropriate when applied to vulnerable populations. The dual isotope method has been developed over the past 5 y as an alternative method.

Objective: The aim of this work was to compare the indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility values of 2 different proteins obtained using the dual isotope and the standard ileal balance methods in the same subjects.

Chemoprevention in hereditary digestive neoplasia: A comprehensive review.

Hereditary syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH polyposis or Lynch syndrome, are particularly predisposing to the development of colorectal cancer. These situations have necessitated the development of adapted prevention strategies based largely on reinforced endoscopic surveillance and the search for complementary prevention strategies. This is the case for chemoprevention, which is the long-term administration of chemical agents limiting carcinogenesis, used as primary or secondary prophylaxis.

Features of colorectal adenomas among young patients with Lynch syndrome according to path_MMR: Results from the PRED-IdF registry.

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most frequent inherited colorectal cancer syndrome.

Aim: To assess the burden of adenoma in LS patients under 50 years-old followed in the PRED-IdF network.

Methods: From January 2010 to January 2019, all patients under 50 years of age with a confirmed LS germline mutation were included.

Dietary behaviours of individuals with lynch syndrome at high risk of colorectal cancer: Results from the AAS-lynch study.

Background & Aims: Individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS) have a high lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) due to genetic alterations. Nutrition is one of the main modifiable risk factors for sporadic CRC, however this has not been established in LS patients. The present study aimed to give a detailed overview of dietary intakes in individuals with LS, and associated individual characteristics.

Serious immune-related upper gastrointestinal toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter case series.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve the prognosis of many cancers but cause immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Limited data are available on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) IrAEs. We describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and efficacy of medical therapy in patients with UGI IrAEs.

: a confirmed predisposing gene for adenomatous polyposis.

Background: The gene is part of the DNA mismatch repair system, but has never been shown to be involved in Lynch syndrome. A first report of four patients from two families, bearing biallelic germline variants, with a phenotype of attenuated colorectal adenomatous polyposis raised the question of its involvement in hereditary cancer predisposition. The patients' tumours exhibited elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST), a hallmark of deficiency.

Efficiency of Orexin-A for Inflammatory Flare and Mucosal Healing in Experimental Colitis: Comparison with the Anti-TNF Alpha Infliximab.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa characterized by relapsing-remitting cycle periods of variable duration. Infliximab (IFX) was the first monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). High variability between treated patients and loss of IFX efficiency over time support the further development of drug therapy.

Refinement of the Target Population for Colorectal Cancer Screening in France, Inventory as a Prelude to the Use of Medico-Administrative Database.

The study describes the level of improvement in the risk of misclassification that would be achieved by refining the campaign target population using a query in the French medico-administrative database (SNDS). The SNDS's use requires other new strategies that can minimize the number of people wrongly included in the campaigns, because its accuracy is less than 100%.

Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Resumption of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Multidisciplinary Discussion.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended for the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and are now preferred over vitamin K antagonists due to their beneficial efficacy and safety profile. However, all oral anticoagulants carry a risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Although the risk is well documented and acute bleeding well codified, there is limited high-quality evidence and no guidelines to guide physicians on the optimal management of anticoagulation after a GI bleeding event.

Digestive and metabolic bioavailability in healthy humans of N-labeled rapeseed and flaxseed protein incorporated in biscuits.

Background: In the search to diversify protein sources for humans, oilseeds are good candidates due to the high protein content of their coproducts after oil extraction. Among them, rapeseed presents a well-balanced amino acid (AA) profile. Flaxseed is an emerging source but the nutritional value of its protein is not yet documented.