Association of Childhood Obesity Phenotypes With Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The association between different metabolic phenotypes of childhood obesity and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the evidence on the association between childhood obesity phenotypes including metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. Four cohort studies with 8446 participants were included in this review.

Incidence, outcomes and management of spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy: a UK population-based study.

Background: Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP) is the occurrence during pregnancy of sudden intra-abdominal haemorrhage unrelated to extrauterine pregnancy, trauma or uterine rupture. SHiP is uncommon but is associated with preterm birth, high perinatal mortality and, more rarely, maternal mortality. We investigated the incidence of SHiP in the UK and its diagnosis, management and outcomes.

Pregnant women admitted to hospital with covid-19 in 10 European countries: individual patient data meta-analysis of population based cohorts in International Obstetric Survey Systems.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of hospital admissions for covid-19 disease in pregnant women, severity of covid-19 disease, and medical treatment provided to pregnant women with moderate to severe covid-19 during the first 10 months of the pandemic.

Design: Individual patient data meta-analysis of population based cohorts in International Obstetric Survey Systems.

Setting: 10 European countries with national or regional surveillance within the International Obstetric Survey Systems (INOSS) collaboration using aligned definitions and case report forms: Belgium, France (regional), Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden (regional), and the UK.

Ethnic Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity and the Contribution of Deprivation: A Population-Based Causal Analysis.

Objective: To investigate the association between ethnicity and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in England and the mediating effects of neighbourhood-level socio-economic deprivation across detailed ethnic groups.

Design: Population-based nationwide cohort study using English Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC) data.

Setting: All hospital births in NHS facilities in England between 1 January 2013 and 31 March 2023.

The association of childhood HDL cholesterol with atherosclerotic CVD events in adults: findings from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.

Aims: The role of adult HDL-C in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) faces challenges from Mendelian randomisations and drug trials. However, the association between childhood HDL-C and its changes and adult ASCVD remains undefined. This study aimed to determine this association.

Maternal postpartum six-week check and short-term health outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: An observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Introduction: In the UK, in addition to the recommended blood pressure check, women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are offered a postpartum six-week check (SWC) with either a specialist or general practitioner. We aimed to describe the prevalence and disparities in the provision of SWC, and describe short-term postpartum outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by SWC status.

Material And Methods: Data were from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD for women aged 15-49 years at childbirth in 2000-2018, who were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and were registered for ≥12 months postpartum.

Timing of Stoma Closure in Neonates: the ToSCiN mixed-methods study.

Background: Neonates undergoing emergency abdominal surgery frequently require a stoma; closing this stoma with a second operation is an essential part of recovery. Timing of closure varies. Optimal timing is unclear and would be best resolved through a randomised controlled trial; such a trial is likely to be challenging.

Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population-based cohort study between 2000 and 2019.

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy (cardiovascular disease diagnosed before, during or up to 6 months after childbirth) and the risk of adverse outcomes associated with it have not been previously described in Sweden. This study examined trends in prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its association with maternal and perinatal outcomes, overall and by timing of diagnosis in relation to pregnancy.

Material And Methods: This population-based observational retrospective cohort study consisted of women aged 15-49 years who were registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2000-2019.

UK neonatal stoma practice: a population study.

Objective: The optimal time for neonatal stoma closure is unclear and there have been calls for a trial to compare early and late surgery. The feasibility of such a trial will depend on the population of eligible infants and acceptability to families and health professionals. In this study, we aimed to determine current UK practice and characteristics of those undergoing stoma surgery.

Associations between neighbourhood deprivation, ethnicity and maternal health outcomes in England: a nationwide cohort study using routinely collected healthcare data.

Background: In the United Kingdom, pregnant women who live in the most deprived areas have two times the risk of dying than those who live in the least deprived areas. There are even greater disparities between women from different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of area-based deprivation and ethnicity in the increased risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), in primiparous women in England.

Twins and Their Risks of Cancer as Children, Teenagers or Young Adults: Updated Meta-Analysis and Retrospective Swedish Cohort Study.

We investigated whether an observed reduction in overall childhood cancer risk (<15 years of age) in twins has been sustained, and how this extends into young adulthood. We searched for English language publications reporting childhood cancer risk in twins, obtained unpublished data directly from some authors, and updated a meta-analysis. We used the Swedish Multigeneration Register to investigate the age to which the reduced overall risk of childhood cancer (observed previously using that Swedish dataset and in this and earlier meta-analyses) persisted into the teenage/young adult years, and which specific tumors accounted for the overall risk reduction beyond childhood.

Lifestyle-based subtypes of childhood obesity and their association with cardiometabolic factors: A cluster analysis.

Background: Lifestyle factors play an important role in the development and management of childhood obesity and its related cardiometabolic complications.

Objective/methods: We aimed to explore childhood obesity subtypes based on lifestyle factors and examine their association with cardiometabolic health. We included 1550 children with obesity from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Weight status changes from childhood to adulthood were associated with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.

Aim: Few studies have assessed the association between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between weight changes from childhood to adulthood and cardiometabolic factors in adulthood using national Chinese data.

Methods: We included 649 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2009 and divided them into four groups by their body mass index from 6 to 37 years of age.

Efficacy of decentralised home-based antihypertensive treatment in older adults with multimorbidity and polypharmacy (ATEMPT): an open-label randomised controlled pilot trial.

Background: Older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy have been under-represented in clinical trials. We aimed to assess the effect of different intensities of antihypertensive treatment on changes in blood pressure, major safety outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes in this population.

Methods: ATEMPT was a decentralised, two-armed, parallel-group, open-label randomised controlled pilot trial conducted in the Thames Valley area, South East England.

Defining treatment success in children with surgical conditions.

Objectives: Develop a score summarising how successfully a child with any surgical condition has been treated, and test the clinical validity of the score.

Design: Discrete choice experiment (DCE), and secondary analysis of data from six UK-wide prospective cohort studies.

Participants: 253 people with lived experience of childhood surgical conditions, 114 health professionals caring for children with surgical conditions and 753 members of the general population completed the DCE.

Frenotomy with breastfeeding support versus breastfeeding support alone for infants with tongue-tie and breastfeeding difficulties: the FROSTTIE RCT.

Background: Tongue-tie can be diagnosed in 3-11% of babies, with some studies reporting almost universal breastfeeding difficulties, and others reporting very few feeding difficulties that relate to the tongue-tie itself, instead noting that incorrect positioning and attachment are the primary reasons behind the observed breastfeeding difficulties and not the tongue-tie itself. The only existing trials of frenotomy are small and underpowered and/or include only very short-term or subjective outcomes.

Objective: To investigate whether frenotomy is clinically and cost-effective to promote continuation of breastfeeding at 3 months in infants with breastfeeding difficulties diagnosed with tongue-tie.

Variations across Europe in hospitalization and management of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 during the initial phase of the pandemic: Multi-national population-based cohort study using the International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems (INOSS).

Introduction: The majority of data on COVID-19 in pregnancy are not from sound population-based active surveillance systems.

Material And Methods: We conducted a multi-national study of population-based national or regional prospective cohorts using standardized definitions within the International Network of Obstetric Survey systems (INOSS). From a source population of women giving birth between March 1 and August 31, 2020, we included pregnant women admitted to hospital with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test ≤7 days prior to or during admission and up to 2 days after birth.

Severity of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and perinatal outcomes of women admitted to hospital during the omicron variant dominant period using UK Obstetric Surveillance System data: prospective, national cohort study.

Objectives: To describe the severity of maternal infection when the omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.

Severity of maternal infection and perinatal outcomes during periods of SARS-CoV-2 wildtype, alpha, and delta variant dominance in the UK: prospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare the severity of maternal infection and perinatal outcomes during periods in which wildtype, alpha variant, and delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 were dominant in the UK.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: 194 obstetric units across the UK, during the following periods: between 1 March and 30 November 2020 (wildtype dominance), between 1 December 2020 and 15 May 2021 (alpha variant dominance), and between 16 May and 31 October 2021 (delta variant dominance).

Optimising Exome Prenatal Sequencing Services (EXPRESS): a study protocol to evaluate rapid prenatal exome sequencing in the NHS Genomic Medicine Service.

Background: Prenatal exome sequencing (ES) for the diagnosis of fetal anomalies was implemented nationally in England in October 2020 by the NHS Genomic Medicine Service (GMS). is the GMS is based around seven regional Genomic Laboratory Hubs (GLHs). Prenatal ES has the potential to significantly improve NHS prenatal diagnostic services by increasing genetic diagnoses and informing prenatal decision-making.