Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improve insulin resistance and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Aim: To evaluate the influence of SGLT2 inhibitors on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) in patients with T2D in a meta-analysis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT2 inhibitors to placebo in T2D patients, with a minimum treatment duration of 12 weeks, were searched using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.

Prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among Chinese adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional, multicenter, retrospective, observational study based on 3B study database.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and co-prevalence of comorbidities among Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively retrieved from the 3B Study database, which provided a comprehensive assessment of comorbid conditions in Chinese adult outpatients with T2DM. Patient characteristics, laboratory measures, and comorbidities were summarized via descriptive analyses, overall and by subgroups of age (<65, 65-74, 75 years) and gender.

Erratum: Addressing Therapeutic Inertia: Development and Implementation of an Electronic Health Record-Based Diabetes Intensification Tool. Diabetes Spectrum 2023;36:161-170 (https://doi.org/10.2337/ds22-0031).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2337/ds22-0031.].

Impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) confers a variety of metabolic benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors on GIP levels in T2DM patients.

Methods: Medline (PubMed), CENTER (Cochrane Library), and Embase (Ovid) were searched and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of DPP4 inhibitors on fasting and postprandial GIP levels were obtained.

Addressing Therapeutic Inertia: Development and Implementation of an Electronic Health Record-Based Diabetes Intensification Tool.

Objective: To assess whether an electronic health record (EHR)-based diabetes intensification tool can improve the rate of A1C goal attainment among patients with type 2 diabetes and an A1C ≥8%.

Methods: An EHR-based tool was developed and sequentially implemented in a large, integrated health system using a four-phase, stepped-wedge design (single pilot site [phase 1] and then three practice site clusters [phases 2-4]; 3 months/phase), with full implementation during phase 4. A1C outcomes, tool usage, and treatment intensification metrics were compared retrospectively at implementation (IMP) sites versus nonimplementation (non-IMP) sites with sites matched on patient population characteristics using overlap propensity score weighting.

Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases.

Background: Oral medications for chronic conditions often involve a variety of instructions, including time of day/dosing, drug interactions, and food intake restrictions. However, the extent to which patients follow these instructions is unclear.

Methods: We surveyed patients from the US and Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain) who were prescribed sulfonylureas (SU: glimepiride, glipizide, or gliclazide) for diabetes or levothyroxine for hypothyroidism.

Continuity of Medication Use by US Adults With Diabetes, 2005-2019.

Importance: Consistent medication use is critical for diabetes management. Population surveillance of consistency of medication use may identify opportunities to improve diabetes care.

Objective: To evaluate trends in longitudinal use of glucose-, blood pressure-, and lipid-lowering medications by adults with diabetes.

Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on postprandial glucagon level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Hyperglucagonemia occurs in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this meta-analysis, we summarized the effects of DPP4 inhibitors on glucagon levels in patients with T2DM.

Materials And Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the influence of DPP4 inhibitors on circulating glucagon levels with placebo or other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in patients with T2DM were identified by searches of Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), and CENTER (Cochrane Library).

Medication use by US patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective study of administrative data.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While clinical guidelines recommend specific drug therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), these drug therapies are not recommended for PH due to lung disease.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart from January 2009-September 2019.

Influence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The influence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors on glycemic variability compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), measured based on the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), has not been comprehensively analyzed. The aim of the study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the effects of DPP4 inhibitors on MAGE with other OADs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without concurrent insulin treatments.

Methods: The Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), and CENTER (Cochrane Library) databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Trends and Variations in Emergency Department Use Associated With Diabetes in the US by Sociodemographic Factors, 2008-2017.

Importance: Little is known about emergency department (ED) use among people with diabetes and whether the pattern of ED use varies across geographic areas and population subgroups.

Objective: To estimate recent national- and state-level trends in diabetes-related ED use overall and by race and ethnicity, rural or urban location, and insurance status.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study of adults visiting the ED with a diabetes-related diagnosis used serial data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, a nationally representative database, and discharge records from 11 state emergency department databases for 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016 to 2017.

Trends and Demographic Disparities in Diabetes Hospital Admissions: Analyses of Serial Cross-Sectional National and State Data, 2008-2017.

Objective: To analyze national and state-specific trends in diabetes-related hospital admissions and determine whether disparities in rates of admission exist between demographic groups and geographically dispersed states.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted serial cross-sectional analyses of the National Inpatient Sample (2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016) and State Inpatient Databases for Arizona, Florida, Kentucky, Iowa, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Utah, and Vermont for 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2016/2017 among adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes-related ICD codes (ICD-9 [250.XX] or ICD-10 [E10.

Real-world weight change, adherence, and discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the UK.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment with demonstrated weight loss benefits in clinical trials. However, the extent to which real-world patients with T2DM achieve clinically meaningful weight loss (≥5%) has not been well characterized. Analysis of real-world data suggests adherence to injectable GLP-1 RAs is suboptimal and discontinuation following the first year of therapy is poorly characterized.

Individualized HbA Goals, and Patient Awareness and Attainment of Goals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Multinational Survey.

Aims: While glycemic control is key in effective type 2 diabetes mellitus management, many patients fail to reach their individualized glycemic goal. This analysis aimed to describe a real-world picture of diabetes management: individualized hemoglobin A (HbA) goals, rate of goal attainment, HbA at each line of therapy, and patient awareness of their glycemic goal. Secondly, we aimed to understand physician satisfaction with HbA amongst patients aware vs.

Hemoglobin A1C testing frequency among patients with type 2 diabetes within a US payer system: a retrospective observational study.

Objective: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommend A1C testing schedules for patients with type 2 diabetes; however, level of real-world guideline adherence remains unclear. The current study evaluated A1C testing frequency and its association with glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted utilizing Aetna's Enterprise Data Warehouse.

Strategies for overcoming therapeutic inertia in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To systematically investigate the effect of interventions to overcome therapeutic inertia on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We electronically searched for randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies published between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2019 evaluating the effect of interventions on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) control. Characteristics of included studies and HbA1c difference between intervention and control arms (main outcome) were extracted.

Factors associated with switching from sulphonylureas to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States.

Aims: Studies examining the prevalence of and factors associated with switching from sulphonylureas (SUs) to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in real-world settings are lacking. We assessed the factors associated with switching from SUs to DPP-4 inhibitors in the United States.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart (2009-2018).

Trends in Receipt of American Diabetes Association Guideline-Recommended Care Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes: NHANES 2005-2018.

Objective: To characterize national trends and characteristics of adults with diabetes receiving American Diabetes Association (ADA) guideline-recommended care.

Research Design And Methods: We performed serial cross-sectional analyses of 4,069 adults aged ≥20 years with diabetes who participated in the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Results: Overall, the proportion of U.

Comorbidities in type 2 diabetes patients with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a retrospective database analysis.

The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the IQVIA Commercial Data Delivery database. Patients were ≥18 years on their last encounter between 1 October 2014 and 30 September 2015 and had either a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis or a prescription for an oral diabetes medication.

Prevalence and incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications over 15 years among patients with incident type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common condition that, if left untreated or poorly managed, can lead to adverse microvascular and macrovascular complications. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications among patients newly diagnosed with T2D within a US integrated healthcare system.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients newly diagnosed with T2D between 2003 and 2014.

Comparative Efficacy of Dual and Single Initiation of Add-On Oral Antihyperglycemic Agents in Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled on Metformin Alone: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend adding an oral antihyperglycemic agent (AHA) to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) uncontrolled on metformin. Recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that adding dual AHAs instead of a single AHA provided more effective glycemic control. However, the comparative efficacy of approved single and dual initiation strategies is unknown.

Real-World Adherence and Discontinuation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the United States.

Aim: To assess adherence and discontinuation of injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) at 12 and 24 months among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the United States initiating GLP-1 RA using the administrative claims-based database, Optum Clinformatics Data Mart 7.1.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 01/2009 to 12/2017.

Budget Impact of Oral Semaglutide Intensification versus Sitagliptin among US Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled with Metformin.

Background: Oral semaglutide was approved in 2019 for blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and was the first oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). T2DM is associated with substantial healthcare expenditures in the US, so the cost of a new intervention should be weighed against clinical benefits.

Objective: This study evaluated the budget impact of a treatment pathway with oral semaglutide 14 mg daily versus oral sitagliptin 100 mg daily among patients not achieving target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level despite treatment with metformin.

Addressing Therapeutic Inertia in 2020 and Beyond: A 3-Year Initiative of the American Diabetes Association.

Research has shown that getting to glycemic targets early on leads to better outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes; yet, there has been no improvement in the attainment of A1C targets in the past decade. One reason is therapeutic inertia: the lack of timely adjustment to the treatment regimen when a person's therapeutic targets are not met. This article describes the scope and priorities of the American Diabetes Association's 3-year Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia Initiative.