Publications by authors named "Rajat Das Gupta"
Hypertension prevalence is rising among individuals with abdominal obesity in Southeast Asia, including India, but the relationship between abdominal obesity, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension remains underexplored. This study examines the association between these factors in a nationally representative Indian population aged 20-54 years (males: N = 78 832; females: N = 559 059). We analyzed data from the National Family Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS-5).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy is an intrinsic breakdown system that recycles organelles and macromolecules, which influences metabolic pathways, differentiation, and thereby cell survival. Oral health is an essential component of integrated well-being, and it is critical for developing therapeutic interventions to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of oral homeostasis. However, because of the complex dynamic relationship between autophagy and oral health, associated treatment modalities have not yet been well elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViolence study of healthcare workers and systems in the Caribbean: ViSHWaS-Caribbean study.
World J Methodol
September 2024
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the prevalence and impact of violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Caribbean, highlighting underreported incidents and the need for awareness.
- - Utilizing an online survey over eight weeks, researchers collected data from 225 HCWs, revealing that 39% experienced violence and verbal abuse was the most common type, often perpetrated by patients or their relatives.
- - Findings indicated that female HCWs and those working more night shifts were at a higher risk of violence, with over 50% reporting reduced motivation and job satisfaction following such incidents.
Article Synopsis
- Toothbrushing twice daily is crucial for good oral hygiene, especially in childhood and adolescence, but many students struggle with maintaining this habit due to limited resources and education.
- A study analyzed toothbrushing frequency among 266,113 school-going students across 72 countries, revealing that 62.5% of countries had more than 90% of participants brushing daily, while 13.9% reported rarely or never brushing.
- Results highlighted gender disparities, with males more likely to skip brushing, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean region, while the Americas had the highest rates of consistent brushing.
- The study suggests implementing educational programs in schools to promote better oral health among young people.
Autophagy, an intrinsic catabolic mechanism that eliminates misfolded proteins, dysfunctional organelles, and lipid droplets, plays a vital function in energy balance and cytoplasmic quality control, in addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Liver cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths globally and shows resistance to several anticancer drugs. Despite the rising incidence and poor prognosis of malignant HCC, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving this aggressive cancer remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- This study examined dental hygiene habits and dental visit frequency among residents of Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal using WHO STEPS survey data.
- It found that Bangladesh had the most individuals brushing their teeth daily, while Nepal had the highest number of people who never visited a dentist.
- Older adults, females, and those with higher education levels were more likely to maintain good oral hygiene, highlighting the need for health promotion programs to improve dental care awareness.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with hypertension among the South Asian adults (18-69 years).
Methods: This study utilized the nationally representative WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance data (n = 24,413) from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher, and/or taking antihypertensive medications.
The aim of this study was to identify the differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adults (≥18 years) by analyzing the cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 data. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity in urban and rural areas. The prevalence of underweight was 12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: We aimed to explore the predictors associated with obesity among adult ever-married Egyptian women aged 20-49 years based on the Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).
Method: We included adult ever married women from the EDHS conducted in 2014 that initially recruited 21,903 women. Univariate and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify socio-demographic predictors of women's obesity.
Background: Early detection of colon cancer leads to better survival outcomes. This can be achieved through colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. People with a family history of cancer (FHC) have increased risk of developing CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are closely linked. People with T2DM are at increased risk of developing depression and vice versa. T2DM and depression comorbid conditions adversely affect Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and management of T2DM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence, pattern, and correlates of dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi individuals.
J Clin Lipidol
December 2023
Article Synopsis
- Dyslipidemia, or abnormal lipid levels, is highly prevalent in Bangladesh, affecting 76.7% of adults, with notable variations across regions, particularly higher in Sylhet.
- The study analyzed a sample of 7,084 adults, identifying high triglycerides (35.7%), low HDL cholesterol (63.8%), and significant predictors of dyslipidemia including male sex, age, and tobacco use.
- Urgent lifestyle interventions are needed to address the high rates of dyslipidemia, as current control rates for LDL and non-HDL cholesterol remain very low among those with cardiovascular disease history.
Background: The aim of this study is to assess the current status of metabolic and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among the adult population in South and Southeast Asia using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS data.
Methods: We used WHO STEPS surveys data in ten South and Southeast Asian countries. Weighted mean estimates of prevalence of five metabolic risk factors and four behavioural risk factors were calculated by country and overall region.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence in India for individuals aged 18-54, using data from the National Family Health Survey (2019-21), with a sizable sample of 698,286 respondents.
- - Obesity was found in 13.85% and abdominal obesity in 57.71% of participants, with factors like age, gender, education, wealth, marital status, and urban living being linked to higher obesity rates.
- - Notably, residents in the North zone of India had higher abdominal obesity odds, while those in the South zone were more likely to be obese, suggesting specific high-risk groups for targeted public health interventions.
Article Synopsis
- - This study investigates how common the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health metrics are in relation to various socio-demographic factors by analyzing data from the WHO's 2018 STEPS survey.
- - It found that out of 5,930 respondents, only 43.1% exhibited Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH), with factors like age and educational level significantly influencing the likelihood of having ICH.
- - The research indicates that older individuals, men, and rural residents have lower odds of achieving ICH, suggesting that public health programs in Bangladesh need to focus on these higher-risk groups to improve cardiovascular health.
Importance: Chlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.
Objective: To assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.
Data Sources: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database), US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among urban slum dwellers in Bangladesh.
BMC Public Health
November 2022
Article Synopsis
- - The study identified a 28.3% prevalence of hypertension among urban slum dwellers in Bangladesh, particularly affecting older adults and those from wealthier households.
- - Factors increasing the risk of hypertension included age (especially those 45 and older), insufficient sleep, being overweight or obese, and having diabetes.
- - Despite 51% of participants taking anti-hypertensive medications, only 26.4% had their hypertension under control, indicating a need for improved management strategies.
Background And Objectives: Bangladesh is experiencing a nutrition transition with an increase in the double burden of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study sought to: 1) examine trends and differences in underweight, overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes by gender, area of residence, and wealth in Bangladesh from 2004 to 2018, 2) assess what factors contributed to changes in these outcomes.
Methods: We used data from five rounds of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (n = 76,758 women 15-49y and 10,900 men 18-95y in total).
Background: Due to restrictions in social gatherings imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and other daily activities were limited among the older adults. The present study aimed to estimate the change in osteoarthritis prevalence among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone interviews among older adults aged 60 years and above on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
Comorbidity as a predictor of racial and ethnic disparities in cancer in the United States population.
Public Health Pract (Oxf)
November 2021
Aims: This study aims to examine the racial and ethnic disparity in cancer prevalence and determine if comorbidities can explain this disparity.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study.
Methods: The study examined cancer prevalence among adults who self-identified as White, Black, and Other races in the US population according to data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey.
Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity among Bangladeshi Adults by Gender: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Survey.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
August 2022
The objective of this study was to find the differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adults by gender, using the nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 data. To identify the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity in both genders, multilevel multivariable logistic regression was conducted. The prevalence of underweight was 19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study examines the rising prevalence of modifiable non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among adolescents globally, highlighting concerns about their clustering in certain individuals.
- Utilizing data from 140 countries, the research analyzed trends in nine specific NCD risk factors, finding a significant increase in adolescents dealing with four or more factors from 14.8% to 44% between 2003-2017.
- The findings revealed substantial variation in the prevalence of these risk factors across countries and regions, with South-East Asia showing the highest discrepancies, indicating a public health issue that varies greatly by location.