The association between adverse childhood experiences and mental disorders among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Evidence from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.

Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries, and fewer assessed the association with mental disorders.

Methods: We used data from nationally representative household surveys of mental disorders among adolescents aged 10-17 years conducted in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. The lifetime experience of 13 ACEs was measured using a self-administered questionnaire.

Mental health service use among adolescents in three low- and middle-income countries: An analysis of the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.

Background: Mental disorders are prevalent and their onset is highest during adolescence. However, there are limited data on adolescent mental health service utilization in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Data were from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS), nationally representative household surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver conducted in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam.

Social support and mental health among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: A latent class analysis using the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.

Background: There is a lack of country-level evidence for the association between social support and adolescent mental health while existing studies vary greatly in how they account for the interplay of multiple sources of social support.

Methods: This study utilised data from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys, nationally representative surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Patterns of social support among adolescents in each country were assessed using a latent class analysis.

Bullying victimisation and perpetration and the association with mental disorders among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Findings from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.

Background: Few studies report the prevalence of both bullying victimisation and perpetration at the national level in low- and middle-income countries, with fewer still reporting the association with mental disorders assessed diagnostically.

Methods: Nationally representative household surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver were conducted in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam as part of the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS). Adolescents were asked about bullying victimisation and perpetration in the past three months.

Prevalence of adolescent mental disorders in Kenya, Indonesia, and Viet Nam measured by the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS): a multi-national cross-sectional study.

Background: Mental disorders are the leading global cause of health burden among adolescents. However, prevalence data for mental disorders among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries are scarce with often limited generalisability. This study aimed to generate nationally representative prevalence estimates for mental disorders in adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Viet Nam.

Exploring indirect impacts of COVID-19 on local health systems from the perspectives of health workers and higher education stakeholders in the Philippines using a phenomenological approach.

Background: Our study aimed to explore the experiences of stakeholders from local government units, health facilities and higher education institutions on the delivery of non-COVID-19 health services after the initial wave of the pandemic.

Methods: Twenty-nine public health workers, thirteen university staff, and four hospital administrators in the Philippines participated. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, we analysed transcripts from six focus group discussions conducted online between March and June 2021.

Trends of perinatal mental health referrals and psychiatric admissions in Queensland.

Background: Perinatal depression is often underdiagnosed; consequently, many women suffer perinatal depression without follow-up care. Screening for depressive symptoms during the perinatal period has been recommended in Australia to increase detection and follow-up of women suffering from depressive symptoms. Screening rates have gradually increased over the last decades in Australia.

The risk of anxiety disorders in children of parents with severe psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies have investigated the association between parental severe psychiatric disorders and anxiety disorder risk in offspring, but the findings across these studies have been inconsistent.

Methods: Using the PRISMA guideline, a rigorous electronic and manual search was conducted in four electronic databases EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. All observation studies (cohort and case-control studies) that examined the association between parental severe psychiatric disorders and the risk of offspring anxiety disorders were identified.

Pharmaceutical opioids utilisation by dose, formulation, and socioeconomic status in Queensland, Australia: a population study over 22 years.

Background Prescription opioids are a central aspect of pain management and as the prevalence of pain is increasing so is the rate of use of prescription opioids. Increased opioid prescriptions increases the risk of deaths and morbidity. Objective To (a) describe the 22-year trend of prescription opioid dispensing in Queensland, (b) examine the effect of opioid dose, formulation and socioeconomic status on the number of prescriptions dispensed.

Stunting of children under two from repeated pregnancy among young mothers.

Repeated pregnancy leaves young mothers nutritionally deprived which may in turn lead to poor infant growth. We measure the occurrence and persistence of stunting among offspring of young mothers who experienced repeated pregnancies using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We selected mothers aged 14-24 years (n = 1,033) with singleton birth.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.

Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.

Duration of opioid use and association with socioeconomic status, daily dose and formulation: a two-decade population study in Queensland, Australia.

Background There is an association between the duration of prescription opioids use and an increased risk of serious harm, often unintentional. Objective (1) Describe the trends in duration of prescription opioids dispensing and, (2) determine the risk of long-term use (≥4 months) based on patients' socioeconomic status, daily dose in oral daily morphine milligram equivalent, and opioid formulation. Setting Residents of Queensland (2,827,727), Australia from the age 18 years and who were dispensed pharmaceutical opioids from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2018.

Multiple opioid prescribers: A genuine quest for treatment rather than aberrant behaviour. A two-decade population-based study.

Background: Accessing multiple prescribers for opioid prescription, referred to as doctor-shopping, is associated with an increased risk of opioid overdose and fatalities.

Aim: The primary aim of this study was to assess the probability of accessing multiple prescribers among patients dispensed prescription opioids.

Method: A retrospective population-based study using the Monitoring of Drugs of Dependence system of the Medicines Monitoring Unit (MMU) of Queensland Health, Australia.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Risk of Disruptive Behavioral Disorders in the Offspring of Parents with Severe Psychiatric Disorders.

Inconsistent results of the association between severe psychiatric disorders (SPD) in parents and the risk of disruptive behavioral disorders (DBD) including conduct disorders (CD) and oppositional defiant disorders (ODD) in the offspring have been found by previous epidemiologic studies. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies. Fourteen studies met the predefined criteria for inclusion.

Low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the available evidence on the association between low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and the development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the offspring.

Methods: We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed studies reporting an association between low and/or moderate PAE and offspring ADHD symptoms (attention and/or hyperactivity). Systematic searches were performed in EMBASE, Pubmed, Medline, and PsycINFO and reviewed from selected references.

Externalizing and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence and the risk of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Background: Evidence suggests that externalizing and internalizing symptoms are expressed early in life and are associated with problematic drinking in young adulthood. However, few studies have examined their role during childhood and adolescence in predicting alcohol problems later in life.

Objectives: To examine the role of childhood and adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms in predicting alcohol use disorders in young adulthood.

Risk of autistic spectrum disorder in offspring with parental mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The association between mood disorders in parents and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in offspring has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis will explore whether an association exists between parental mood disorders and ASD risk in offspring.

Methods: A literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus.

Increased risk of maternal complications from repeat pregnancy among adolescent women.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of adverse maternal outcomes among adolescents experiencing a repeat pregnancy in the Philippines.

Methods: Data were analyzed from four waves (1998-2013) of a cross-sectional nationally representative survey. We included 2518 non-nulliparous and non-pregnant women aged 15-44 years with an interpregnancy interval (IPI) of 24 months or less.

Exploring the Risks of Repeated Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young Women in the Philippines.

Objective Knowledge of the factors which influence repeat pregnancy can inform much needed evidence-based prevention programs. This study aims to identify correlates of repeat pregnancy in the Philippines. Methods We used data from five Philippine Demographic and Health Surveys (1993-2013).

Trends in repeated pregnancy among adolescents in the Philippines from 1993 to 2013.

Objective: The extent of repeated pregnancy (RP) and repeated birth (RB) among adolescents aged 15-19 is still unknown in the Philippines despite the health and socio-economic consequences. This study aims to investigate the RP and RB prevalence trends in the Philippines from 1993 to 2013.

Methods: A total of 7091 women aged 15-24 who experienced at least one pregnancy were captured in the Philippine demographic health surveys from 1993 to 2013.

Mental and Physical Health Correlates of Discrimination Against People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The perception that people who use illicit drugs are deviant has contributed to the stigmatization of this population. The primary aim of this review is to examine the links among injection-related discrimination, mental health, physical health, and quality of life in people who inject drugs. We also identify settings, perpetrators of discrimination, and coping strategies developed by people who inject drugs to deal with the issue.