Role of High Flow Nasal Cannula as a Novel Therapy for Treatment of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Child With Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia of Infancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy is a rare form of pediatric interstitial lung disease presenting with hypoxemia, tachypnea, retractions, and persistent pulmonary crackles in the first year of life. As these children frequently require supplemental oxygen therapy and demonstrate nighttime hypoxemia, there is a concern for an increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in this population, including obstructive sleep apnea. As untreated sleep-disordered breathing is associated with adverse developmental outcomes for children, it is essential to promptly diagnose and treat.

Role of neck radiography in assessing recurrent/residual adenoid hypertrophy in children with OSA and history of adenotonsillectomy: a sleep physician perspective.

Study Objectives: Recurrent/residual adenoid hypertrophy after adenotonsillectomy in children can result in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to assess the role of soft tissue neck X-ray (STN-XR) in evaluating recurrent/residual adenoid tissue hypertrophy.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study that included children with sleep study-confirmed OSA and a known history of adenotonsillectomy who underwent STN-XR to evaluate for recurrent/residual adenoid tissue hypertrophy.

Hemangiomas revisited: the useful, the unusual and the new. Part 2: endangering hemangiomas and treatment.

Hemangiomas, although benign tumors, can when located in particular regions threaten vital structures or in certain clinical circumstances be associated with other abnormalities, carrying significant morbidity and mortality. We review these endangering hemangiomas. We also discuss briefly the treatment with emphasis on the recent use of propranolol.

Hemangiomas revisited: the useful, the unusual and the new. Part 1: overview and clinical and imaging characteristics.

Hemangiomas are common vascular tumors occurring in children. Though most of the lesions present in infants and young children with a typical appearance, it is important to understand that they all do not behave in the same way. Rather, they are a group of vascular lesions with different clinico-pathological subtypes, with their clinical behavior varying with the stage of the tumor as well.

Imaging of round pneumonia and mimics in children.

Various diseases in the pediatric age group can present as an intrathoracic rounded opacity on a chest radiograph. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to emphasize the imaging appearance of round pneumonia, an entity that occurs especially in the pediatric population. Additional pathologies with similar chest radiographic appearances are also presented.