Explainable artificial intelligence for predicting rare earth elements leaching from secondary resources.

The increasing global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) presents significant mining and extraction challenges. Extraction of REEs from secondary resources such as mine tailings, electronic waste, and industrial by-products becomes an alternative solution. This study introduces an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) system designed to (i) predict the leaching efficiency rates and (ii) provide real-time explanations of the key extraction factors during the leaching process, while also recommending condition adjustments to optimize the leaching efficiency of REEs from secondary resources.

Comparative Study on the Hypoglycemic Effects of Different Parts of .

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that can cause elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or resistance. Different parts of have been used widely in traditional medicine to treat many disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic ability of the corm, pseudostem, inflorescence, fruit, peel, and seed of via in vitro experiments by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes as well as in vivo models on diabetic alloxan-induced mice.

Obstructive sleep apnea in 12 to 24 months old toddlers referred for sleep study in a tertiary care center.

Purpose: To assess OSA prevalence, comorbidities, and the influence of sleep stages and body positions on respiratory events distribution in toddlers aged 12-24 months.

Methods: A single center retrospective study that included toddlers aged 12-24 months old who underwent overnight PSG. OSA severity was categorized by obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) as mild (1-4.

Effect of multiple quantum well periods on structural properties and performance of extended short-wavelength infrared LEDs.

We present research on the role of multiple quantum well periods in extended short-wavelength infrared InGaAs/InAsPSb type-I LEDs. The fabricated LEDs consisted of 6, 15, and 30 quantum well periods, and we evaluated the structural properties and device performance through a combination of theoretical simulations and experimental characterization. The strain and energy band offset was precisely controlled by carefully adjusting the composition of the InAsPSb quaternary material, achieving high valence and conduction band offsets of 350 meV and 94 meV, respectively.

Plasma cell-free RNA profiling of Vietnamese Alzheimer's patients reveals a linkage with chronic inflammation and apoptosis: a pilot study.

Introduction: Circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a potential hallmark for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as it construes the genetic expression level, giving insights into the pathological progress from the outset. Profiles of cfRNA in Caucasian AD patients have been investigated thoroughly, yet there was no report exploring cfRNAs in the ASEAN groups. This study examined the gap, expecting to support the development of point-of-care AD diagnosis.

Synthesis of Biodegradable and Antimicrobial Nanocomposite Films Reinforced for Coffee and Agri-Food Product Preservation.

The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles is widely known. However, their application to biodegradable polymeric materials is still limited. In this work, we report a strategy involving the green synthesis of nanocomposite films based on a natural biodegradable matrix.

Polysomnographic outcomes of revision adenoidectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea and recurrent/residual adenoidal hypertrophy.

Introduction: Recurrent/residual adenoidal hypertrophy after adenotonsillectomy in children can result in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to assess the polysomnographic (PSG) outcomes of revision adenoidectomy in children with recurrent/residual adenoidal hypertrophy and OSA.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study that included children with sleep studies that confirmed OSA and known history of adenotonsillectomy who were diagnosed with adenoidal hypertrophy and subsequently underwent revision adenoidectomy.

SALAD: Syringe-based Arduino-operated Low-cost Antibody Dispenser.

Lateral Flow Assays (LFA) have been one of the most widely adopted technologies in clinical diagnosis over recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to their feasibility, compactness, and rapid readout. However, the precise dispensing of antibodies-a key part of the fabrication process-requires costly line dispenser equipment, which poses a challenge to researchers with limited budgets. This study aims to resolve this key issue by introducing a Syringe-based Arduino-operated Low-cost Antibody Dispenser (SALAD).

Protective Effect of Willow ( L.) on Fish Resistance to and .

spp. cause vibriosis in many saltwater and freshwater aquatic species, such as fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. and are among the few species commonly found in infections in fish.

Role of neck radiography in assessing recurrent/residual adenoid hypertrophy in children with OSA and history of adenotonsillectomy: a sleep physician perspective.

Study Objectives: Recurrent/residual adenoid hypertrophy after adenotonsillectomy in children can result in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to assess the role of soft tissue neck X-ray (STN-XR) in evaluating recurrent/residual adenoid tissue hypertrophy.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study that included children with sleep study-confirmed OSA and a known history of adenotonsillectomy who underwent STN-XR to evaluate for recurrent/residual adenoid tissue hypertrophy.

Fat Embolism Syndrome With Cerebral Involvement: An Underrecognized Complication of Long Bone Fractures.

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) occurs when fat particles are aberrantly distributed into the microcirculation, and it often manifests as either hypoxemia, neurological deficit, or petechial rash. Although cases have been reported in the literature since the twentieth century, no formal diagnostic criteria have been universally adopted, and FES remains a diagnostic challenge. We present a unique case of FES from a long bone fracture, leading to pulmonary embolism with paradoxical arterial embolization and cerebral infarction, and provide a review of the related literature.

Dysregulation of Amphiregulin stimulates the pathogenesis of cystic lymphangioma.

Along with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels play an important role in the circulation of body fluid and recruitment of immune cells. Postnatal lymphangiogenesis commonly occurs from preexisting lymphatic vessels by sprouting, which is induced by lymphangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). However, the key signals and cell types that stimulate pathological lymphangiogenesis, such as human cystic lymphangioma, are less well known.

Ophthalmic anterior segment metastasis masquerading as uveitis.

Ocular malignancies are rare, with many cancers of the eye being the result of metastases, the most common of which result from primary tumours of breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis is often made at a late stage in the disease course, leading to poorer outcomes. Disease-directed therapy in the presence of ocular metastases varies based on the primary tumour and patient performance status but generally involves systemic treatment, either with chemotherapy or involved-field radiation.

Vascular PDGFR-alpha protects against BBB dysfunction after stroke in mice.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) induces hemorrhagic transformation (HT) downstream of tissue plasminogen activator in thrombolytic therapy of acute stroke. Thus, PDGFs are attractive therapeutic targets for BBB dysfunction.

A Facile Synthesis Process and Evaluations of α-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate for Bone Substitute.

Alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) has been used effectively in grafting through its desired features to support bone regeneration. In recent years, many synthetic methods have been proposed. Among them, the autoclave method for manufacturing α-HH is best suited for cost-savings due to its simple operation and limited use of additives.

Thiosemicarbazone-Modified Cellulose: Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Studies on Cu(II) Removal.

Thiosemicarbazide-modified cellulose (MTC) has been studied for removing heavy metals in the water source or for extracting some precious metals. The conditions of synthesis of MTC and Cu(II) removal were optimized by single-variable analysis through oxidation-reduction on titration and photometry. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and thermogravimetric analyses show that MTC exists in the thioketone form with a high surface area and heat durability.

Powerful Homeostatic Control of Oligodendroglial Lineage by PDGFRα in Adult Brain.

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are widely distributed cells of ramified morphology in adult brain that express PDGFRα and NG2. They retain mitotic activities in adulthood and contribute to oligodendrogenesis and myelin turnover; however, the regulatory mechanisms of their cell dynamics in adult brain largely remain unknown. Here, we found that global Pdgfra inactivation in adult mice rapidly led to elimination of OPCs due to synchronous maturation toward oligodendrocytes.

Estimation of the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement and optimal sulphur amino acids to lysine ratio for 30-50 kg pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement and the ideal SID sulphur amino acids (SAA) to Lys ratio for 30-50 kg crossbred pigs. In experiment 1, a total of 72 crossbred pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 28.9 kg were allotted to one of six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design.

Electrodeposited Amorphous Tungsten-doped Cobalt Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Thin film of amorphous tungsten-doped cobalt oxide (W:CoO) was successfully grown on a conducting electrode via an electrochemical oxidation process employing a [Co(WS ) ] deposition bath. The W:CoO catalyst displays an attractive performance for the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution. In an NaOH solution of pH 13, W:CoO operates with a moderate onset overpotential of 230 mV and requires 320 mV overpotential to generate a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm .

Competition between classical and hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reactions of HDDA triynes with furan.

We report here thermal reactions between furan and one of three related triyne substrates. Each triyne is capable of reacting initially in two modes: (i) hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction or (ii) Diels-Alder reaction between one of its alkynes with furan. The relative rates of these initial events are such that two of the substrates react essentially in only one of modes (i) or (ii).

Simple tricks for improving pattern-based information extraction from the biomedical literature.

Background: Pattern-based approaches to relation extraction have shown very good results in many areas of biomedical text mining. However, defining the right set of patterns is difficult; approaches are either manual, incurring high cost, or automatic, often resulting in large sets of noisy patterns.

Results: We propose several techniques for filtering sets of automatically generated patterns and analyze their effectiveness for different extraction tasks, as defined in the recent BioNLP 2009 shared task.

Identification of diagnostic serum protein profiles of glioblastoma patients.

Diagnosis of a glioblastoma (GBM) is triggered by the onset of symptoms and is based on cerebral imaging and histological examination. Serum-based biomarkers may support detection of GBM. Here, we explored serum protein concentrations of GBM patients and used data mining to explore profiles of biomarkers and determine whether these are associated with the clinical status of the patients.

Influence of different diets on growth performance, meat quality, and disease resistance in pig crossbreeds (PIE x MC-local) and PIE (LW x MC-local).

The present study evaluated the effect of different dietary formulations on the growth rate in pigs and their resistance to infection with hog cholera. Results indicate that growth rates can be enhanced by certain formulations and that there is a correlation between this increased growth rate and increased resistance to infection with hog cholera.

Complement-coated antibody-transfer (CCAT); serum IgA1 antibodies intercept and transport C4 and C3 fragments and preserve IgG1 deployment (PGD).

In periodontal disease, IgG1 and IgA1 antibodies produced in situ deposit on antigens in the affected tissues. Thus, there is an interest in the effect of co-deposited IgA1 antibodies on complement activation by IgG1-immune complexes. In the present study, we first analyzed the effect of IgA1-immune complexes on complement using human IgA1 antibodies to dansyl (with dansylated human serum albumin serving as the immobilized antigen).