A Comparative Study of the In Vitro Intestinal Permeability of Pinnatoxins and Portimine.

The pinnatoxins (PnTXs) and portimines, produced by , have been detected in several countries, raising concerns for human health. Although no human poisoning from these toxins has been reported so far, they have been shown to distribute throughout the rodent body after oral administration. Therefore, we investigated the impact of PnTX analogs (PnTX-A, -E, -F, -G, and -H) and portimine (8, 16, and 32 ng/mL) on intestinal barrier integrity and their oral bioavailability using human Caco-2 cell monolayers treated for 2, 6, and 24 h.

Chlordecone-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis are mediated by the proteasomal degradation of septins.

Chlordecone (CLD) is a pesticide persisting in soils and contaminating food webs. CLD is sequestered in the liver and poorly metabolized into chlordecol (CLDOH). In vitro liver cell models were used to investigate the fate and mechanistic effects of CLD and CLDOH using multiomics.

New Approach Methods to Assess the Enteropathogenic Potential of Strains of the Group, including .

(Bc) is a wide group of Gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria, known to be the etiological agents of various human infections, primarily food poisoning. The Bc group includes enteropathogenic strains able to germinate in the digestive tract and to produce enterotoxins such as Nhe, Hbl, and CytK. One species of the group, (Bt), has the unique feature of producing insecticidal crystals during sporulation, making it an important alternative to chemical pesticides to protect crops from insect pest larvae.

Toxic responses of metabolites produced by Ostreopsis cf. ovata on a panel of cell types.

Blooms of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are regularly associated with human intoxications that are attributed to ovatoxins (OVTXs), the main toxic compounds produced by this organism and close analogs to palytoxin (PlTX). Unlike for PlTX, information on OVTXs'toxicity are scarce due to the absence of commercial standards.

Toxicity of palytoxin, purified ovatoxin-a, ovatoxin-d and extracts of Ostreopsis cf. ovata on the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model.

Human intoxications in the Mediterranean Sea have been linked to blooms of the dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, producer of palytoxin (PlTX)-like toxins called ovatoxins (OVTXs). Exposure routes include only inhalation and contact, although PlTX-poisoning by seafood has been described in tropical regions.

Chronic effects of two rutile TiO nanomaterials in human intestinal and hepatic cell lines.

Background: TiO nanomaterials (NMs) are present in a variety of food and personal hygiene products, and consumers are exposed daily to these NMs through oral exposition. While the bulk of ingested TiO NMs are eliminated rapidly in stool, a fraction is able to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier and enter systemic circulation from where NMs can be distributed to tissues, primarily liver and spleen. Daily exposure to TiO NMs, in combination with a slow rate of elimination from tissues, results in their accumulation within different tissues.

Permeability of the Cyanotoxin Microcystin-RR across a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer.

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by several cyanobacterial species found worldwide. While MCs have a common structure, the variation of two amino acids in their structure affects their toxicity. As toxicodynamics are very similar between the MC variants, their differential toxicity could rather be explained by toxicokinetic parameters.

Identification of key pathways involved in the toxic response of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in human hepatic HepaRG cells.

The hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) has been involved in cases of poisoning in humans following ingestion. As its liver toxicity process is complex, we studied the transcriptomic profile of HepaRG cells exposed to CYN. The affected pathways were confirmed through the expression of key genes and the investigation of toxicity markers.

Genotoxicity of synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles in rats following short-term exposure. Part 1: oral route.

Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) in its nanosized form is now used in food applications although the potential risks for human health have not been evaluated. In this study, genotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage of two pyrogenic (NM-202 and 203) and two precipitated (NM-200 and -201) nanosized SAS were investigated in vivo in rats following oral exposure. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg b.

Toxicity, genotoxicity and proinflammatory effects of amorphous nanosilica in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line.

Silica (SiO2) in its nanosized form is now used in food applications although the potential risks for human health need to be evaluated in further detail. In the current study, the uptake of 15 and 55nm colloidal SiO2 NPs in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The ability of these NPs to induce cytotoxicity (XTT viability test), genotoxicity (γH2Ax and micronucleus assay), apoptosis (caspase 3), oxidative stress (oxidation of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate probe) and proinflammatory effects (interleukin IL-8 secretion) was evaluated.

Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part I: screening strategy and pre-validation study with lipophilic marine toxins.

Human poisoning due to consumption of seafood contaminated with phycotoxins is a worldwide problem, and routine monitoring programs have been implemented in various countries to protect human consumers. Following successive episodes of unexplained shellfish toxicity since 2005 in the Arcachon Bay on the French Atlantic coast, a national research program was set up to investigate these atypical toxic events. Part of this program was devoted to fit-for-purpose cell-based assays (CBA) as complementary tools to collect toxicity data on atypical positive-mouse bioassay shellfish extracts.

Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part II: application to shellfish extracts spiked with lipophilic marine toxins.

Successive unexplained shellfish toxicity events have been observed in Arcachon Bay (Atlantic coast, France) since 2005. The positive mouse bioassay (MBA) revealing atypical toxicity did not match the phytoplankton observations or the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) investigations used to detect some known lipophilic toxins in shellfish. The use of the three cell lines (Caco2, HepG2, and Neuro2a) allows detection of azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), okadaic acid (OA), or pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2).

Assessment of the genotoxic potential of indirect chemical mutagens in HepaRG cells by the comet and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays.

Many chemical carcinogens require metabolic activation to form genotoxic compounds in human. Standard in vitro genotoxicity assays performed with activation systems, such as rat liver S9, are recognised to lead to a high number of false positives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of differentiated human hepatoma HepaRG cells as an in vitro model system for the detection of DNA damage induced by promutagens using the comet and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays.