Enhanced Nanoconfinement of Copper-Organic Interfaces within Phthalocyanine Frameworks for Selective Electroreduction of CO to Acetate.

Acetate is an essential raw material in the chemical industry, supporting sustainable processes and efficient carbon utilization, driving interest in electrochemical CO-to-acetate conversion. However, this process is limited by catalyst instability and the complexity of the reaction pathway, making precise control difficult. Herein, we engineer nanoconfined copper-organic interfaces within a series of nucleophilic substituted heterocyclic copper phthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks (CuPc-COFs) with AA' stacking configuration to selectively steer CO electroreduction toward acetate.

Experimental Investigation of Stress Distributions in 3D Printed Graded Plates with a Circular Hole.

An experimental investigation is presented for the stress distributions in functionally graded plates containing a circular hole. On the basis of the authors' previously constructed theoretical model, two kinds of graded plates made of discrete rings with increasing or decreasing Young's modulus were designed and fabricated in virtue of multi-material 3D printing. The printed graded plates had accurate size, smooth surface, and good interface.

[Differentially expressed genes between the human mandible- and ilium- derived mesenchymal cells].

Purpose: To explore the differentially expressed genes between human mandible- and ilium- derived mesenchymal cells.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes between the human mandible- and ilium- derived mesenchymal cells were obtained from the GEO database based on the analysis of GEO2R software, then the relationship among these genes were analysed using DAVID and Gene MANIA on-line database.

Results: Two hundred and ninety three differentially expressed genes between the human mandible and iliac derived mesenchymal cells were obtained, and most of them were homeobox genes that related to bone development.