Network-based Near-Scalp Personalized Brain Stimulation Targets.

Background: Functional connectivity (FC) is often used to identify personalized targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, existing methods often overlook individual differences in whole-cortex network organization. Furthermore, in some personalized TMS protocols, a lower stimulation intensity is used for targets closer to the scalp.

Effects of dose on early treatment response to bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy in Schizophrenia: A retrospective study.

Schizophrenia is the leading indication for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Asia; however, optimal ECT parameters for this condition remain under-researched. This study examines the impact of stimulus dosage in bifrontal ECT on symptomatic improvement in 122 patients treated at the Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. In this retrospective analysis, patients were categorized into two groups based on a 1.

Resting-state EEG biomarkers of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation treatment for depression: a pilot study.

Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) is a novel and effective treatment for drug-resistant depression. While past studies have identified encephalography (EEG) features predicting repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) outcomes, EEG biomarkers specifically for aiTBS in depression patients have not been explored. In this pilot trial on 5 depression patients undergoing aiTBS, we assessed clinical outcome using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and collected resting-state EEG pre and post-treatment.

Is There an Optimal Electrode Placement for Patients With Schizophrenia Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a recognized treatment option for patients with schizophrenia, especially when patients do not respond adequately to antipsychotic medication or when rapid response is needed in severe cases. The 3 common electrode placements, namely, bitemporal, bifrontal and right unilateral (RUL) modalities, have all been described by various studies to be efficacious in symptom reduction. However, the optimal electrode placement with the greatest success rate in the treatment of schizophrenia has yet to be ascertained.

Response to electroconvulsive therapy is not consistently replicated across multiple treatment courses.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely used to treat various psychiatric disorders, with patients often undergoing multiple courses of ECT. However, it remains unclear whether responses to one ECT course can be replicated in subsequent treatment courses. A retrospective cohort study at the Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, studied 226 patients who underwent at least two courses of ECT between March 2017 and May 2023.

Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy Treatment in Adolescents in Singapore.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for schizophrenia and mood disorders; however, most evidence is derived from the adult population, with less evidence in adolescents. We sought to determine the use of ECT in adolescents in the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) and evaluate the treatment outcome.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective naturalistic analysis of ECT registry data of patients aged from 10 to 19 years from March 2017 to March 2023.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Low Risk of Bias.

Objectives: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promising results in enhancing motor recovery after stroke, but nuances regarding its use, such as the impact of the type and site of stimulation, are not yet established. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with low risk of bias to investigate the effect of rTMS on motor recovery after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Materials And Methods: Three databases were searched systematically for all RCTs reporting comparisons between rTMS (including theta-burst stimulation) and either no stimulation or sham stimulation up to August 19, 2022.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders in Singapore.

Introduction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is used for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but there are few studies on patient outcomes in Southeast Asia. In this study, we describe the clinical profile and outcome of patients with MDD and OCD treated with rTMS in Singapore.

Method: A naturalistic retrospective study of 71 patients (inpatient and outpatient) who received rTMS treatment between June 2018 and April 2023 was conducted.

Efficacy of Using Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation to Treat Negative Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia impose a significant burden with limited effective pharmacological treatment options. Recent trials have shown preliminary evidence for the efficacy of using intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) in treating negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We aim to systematically review the current evidence of iTBS in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia as an augmentation therapy.

The impact of the number of previous illness episodes on early response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in psychosis, mania, depression, psychotic depression, and catatonia: A naturalistic transdiagnostic analysis.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for mood and psychotic disorders but there is growing evidence of treatment resistant to ECT. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of previous illness episodes and the symptomatic improvement after acute ECT treatment. We conducted a retrospective naturalistic cohort analysis of patients' ECT registry data from March 2017 to February 2023.

Effect of early electroconvulsive therapy on length of stay in patients with bipolar, depressive and psychotic disorders.

Objective: There is limited literature examining the effect of early electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) on the length of stay(LOS), especially for psychotic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the association between early ECT and LOS in three main groups of patients with bipolar, depressive and primary psychotic disorders.

Method: A retrospective descriptive analysis of 464 patients who received inpatient ECT from May 2017 to March 2021 in a large tertiary psychiatric institution was conducted.

Pathological personality explains individual differences in global emotion dysregulation within the pathway between child maltreatment and severe depressive symptoms.

Objective: Global emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and severe depressive symptoms; however, there is a lack of research on maladaptive personality traits and their contribution to individual differences in global emotion dysregulation within this conceptual model. The present study tested a preliminary serial mediation model where maladaptive personality traits and global emotion dysregulation mediate the relationship between child maltreatment and severe depressive symptoms.

Method: A total of 200 patients with mood disorders ( = 36.

The association between outpatient continuation/maintenance electroconvulsive therapy, readmission risk and total direct cost in patients with depressive, bipolar and psychotic disorders: A naturalistic retrospective cohort study.

Background: The transdiagnostic effect of continuation/maintenance ECT (CM-ECT) across mood and psychotic disorders on hospital psychiatric readmission risk and total direct cost remains unclear.

Methods: A naturalistic retrospective analysis of 540 patients who received inpatient acute ECT treatment from May 2017 to Mar 2021 in a tertiary psychiatric institution. Patients were assessed with validated clinical rating scales pre-ECT and after the first 6 treatments of a course of inpatient acute ECT.

Predictors of cognitive changes in patients with schizophrenia undergoing electroconvulsive therapy.

Introduction: Previous studies on the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on cognition in schizophrenia have been inconclusive. This study aimed to identify factors that may predict cognitive improvement or deterioration in patients with schizophrenia after-ECT.

Materials & Methods: Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with predominantly positive psychotic symptoms, who were treated with ECT at the Institute of Mental Health (IMH), Singapore, between January 2016 and January 2018, were assessed.

Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cognition and quality of life in schizophrenia.

Introduction: The effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on quality of life (QoL), and its relationship with symptom and cognitive change remains unclear. We aim to examine the association of QoL changes with psychiatric symptom and cognitive changes among patients with schizophrenia who underwent ECT.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 132 patients who received ECT from July 2017 to December 2019.

The Impact of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia and Their Association with Clinical Outcomes.

Objective: The treatment efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for negative symptoms amongst patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, we aim to examine the effects of ECT on negative symptoms in schizophrenia and their association with other clinical outcomes, including cognition and function.

Methods: This is a retrospective data analysis of patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder treated with ECT at the Institute of Mental Health (IMH), Singapore, between January 2016 and December 2019.

The Ketamine Side Effect Tool (KSET): A comprehensive measurement-based safety tool for ketamine treatment in psychiatry.

Objectives: On a background of the rapidly expanding clinical use of ketamine and esketamine for treatment of depression and other conditions, we examined safety monitoring, seeking to identify knowledge gaps relevant to clinical practice.

Methods: An international group of psychiatrists discussed the issue of safety of ketamine and esketamine and came to a consensus on key safety gaps.

Results: There is no standard safety monitoring for off-label generic ketamine.