Comparative Efficacy and Safety of First-Line Treatment With Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab vs. Tyrosine-kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background/aims: Sorafenib, lenvatinib, and atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) are approved first-line treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, direct comparisons among these therapies remain limited. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of Atezo/Bev versus tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line therapies for uHCC.

Choreoathetosis as a rare complication of paraneoplastic syndrome: a case report in small cell lung cancer with positive anti-Hu antibodies.

Choreoathetosis is a rare complication of paraneoplastic syndrome, particularly associated with small cell lung cancer. We report a case of an elderly woman with small cell lung cancer who was diagnosed with choreoathetosis due to autoimmune-mediated paraneoplastic syndrome. The differential diagnoses for focal neurological deficits such as stroke, immunotherapy-related toxicity, radiation-induced toxicity, and brain metastasis were considered but the presence of onconeural antibodies made paraneoplastic syndrome a more likely diagnosis.

BMI Association With Treatment Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies. As such, numerous ICIs are establishing themselves as prospective therapy alternatives for individuals with head and neck cancer (HNC). Evidence suggests a potential correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the efficacy of ICIs in cancer patients.

Immunotherapy-induced hepatitis in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Recent advances in immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for various cancers have also highlighted a rise in immune-related adverse events, including hepatitis, potentially leading to the discontinuation of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing different ICI therapies. An extensive search of PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar up to November 2023 identified relevant studies.

Clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma in the transplanted kidney in renal transplant recipients: a systematic scoping review.

Background: Renal transplant recipients confront a substantially elevated susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly in their native kidneys as opposed to allografts.

Methods: In this systematic scoping review, exhaustive searches were conducted of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Information was gathered on clinical manifestations, donor demographics, diagnostic intervals, tumor dimensions, histopathological characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes associated with RCC arising in allograft kidneys.

Pneumonitis Incidence in Patients With Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer on Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, often diagnosed at the advanced stage (metastatic). Treatment options for metastatic NSCLC include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, target drug therapy, and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy (utilization of checkpoint inhibitors) boosts the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis from granulocyte-stimulating factor in a patient with ANCA vasculitis.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is one of the cutaneous manifestations of chemotherapy side effects. However, it can arise from other non-chemotherapy medications. The granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor is a medication reported to trigger NEH.

Immunotherapy-induced colitis in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents significant mortality risks, underscoring the urgency of timely diagnosis and intervention. Advanced stages of CRC are managed through chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Immunotherapy, while effective in bolstering the immune system against cancer cells, often carries toxic side effects, including colitis.

Hydropneumothorax in a non-small cell lung cancer patient after lobectomy due to surgical stump air leak.

Hydropneumothorax following lobectomy or pneumonectomy is relatively uncommon, with an incidence of 1%-5%. It involves air and fluid in the pleural cavity, often due to intraoperative injury, infection, bronchopleural fistula, or mechanical ventilation. Careful management, including drainage and addressing the underlying cause, is essential to prevent serious outcomes.

Massive hemoptysis with end stage renal disease (ESRD): An initial symptom of rare disease.

Microscopic polyangiitis is a rare autoimmune vasculitis, that could present with renal-pulmonary symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges in patients with preexisting kidney disease. Timely diagnosis is crucial to improve patient outcomes.

Evaluating Kaposi Sarcoma in Kidney Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that commonly appears as lesions on the skin or mucosal surfaces but can also develop in other organs. This cancer is usually caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), recently known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is rare in the general population but can develop in kidney transplant recipients with varying incidence due to immunocompromised status from immunosuppression.

Combined life-threatening internal organ bleeding and postpartum hemorrhage associated with acquired hemophilia A.

Key Clinical Message: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) can present as life-threatening bleeding during the postpartum period. Prompt treatment allows patients with AHA to achieve complete remission and have normal subsequent pregnancies.

Abstract: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by the production of autoantibodies against factor VIII (FVIII).

A Case of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-cell Lymphoma With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an HIV Patient.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that manifests as panniculitis-like skin lesions. It frequently co-occurs with hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis, a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome. The majority of SPTL cases express αβ T-cell receptors (SPTL-AB) and have a favorable prognosis with oral immunosuppressive agents.