Multimodal analysis of cell-free DNA enhances differentiation of early-stage breast cancer from benign lesions and healthy individuals.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Liquid biopsy based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a promising noninvasive approach for early detection; however, differentiating malignant tumors from benign abnormalities remains a significant challenge.

Results: Here, we developed a multimodal approach to analyze cfDNA methylation and fragmentomic patterns in 273 BC patients, 108 individuals with benign breast conditions, and 134 healthy controls.

Facile synthesis of C-TiO-MoS nanocomposite based on commercial TiO nanopowder for photodegradation of methylene blue.

We present a facile synthesis method for a C-TiO-MoS-based photocatalytic nanocomposite designed for the efficient degradation of pollutant dyes, specifically methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). Few-layered MoS nanosheets were exfoliated from natural bulk MoS urea-assisted ball milling. These nanosheets were then mixed with TiO nanopowder and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) surfactant, followed by thermal annealing at 600 °C in argon (Ar) gas.

Graphene oxide-carbon nanotube-magnetite nanocomposites for efficient arsenic removal from aqueous solutions.

In this study, graphene oxide-carbon nanotube-magnetite (GO/CNT/FeO) nanocomposites were synthesized a co-precipitation method for wastewater treatment. The obtained results indicated that FeO nanoparticles exhibited a spherical-shaped morphology, with an average diameter of around 20 nm, and decorated the surface of GO and CNTs. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isothermal model, exhibiting a coefficient of > 0.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN architecture.

3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN architectures were produced by a hydrothermal method, followed by a cold plasma jet process. The morphology, crystal structure, composition and photocatalytic performance of the 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN architectures towards methylene blue (MB) were evaluated using SEM, Raman, XRD, EDS and UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometry. The obtained results indicated that under the same conditions, the MB degradation efficiencies were ∼72%, ∼81%, ∼87%, and ∼98% for 3D urchin-like TiO, 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO, 3D urchin-like TiO@hBN, and 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN, respectively, within 70 min under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation with a wavelength of 365 nm.

Prospective validation study: a non-invasive circulating tumor DNA-based assay for simultaneous early detection of multiple cancers in asymptomatic adults.

Background: Non-invasive multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests have shown promise in enhancing early cancer detection. However, their clinical utility across diverse populations remains underexplored, limiting their routine implementation. This study aims to validate the clinical utility of a multimodal non-invasive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based MCED test, SPOT-MAS (Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by DNA Methylation And Size).

A consultation and work-up diagnosis protocol for a multicancer early detection test: a case series study.

The emergence of multicancer early detection (MCED) tests holds promise for improving early cancer detection and public health outcomes. However, positive MCED test results require confirmation through recommended cancer diagnostic imaging modalities. To address these challenges, we have developed a consultation and work-up protocol for definitive diagnostic results post MCED testing, named SPOT-MAS.

Alleviation of Hg-, Cr-, Cu-, and Zn-Induced Heavy Metals Stress by Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside in Rice Plants.

The cultivation of rice is widespread worldwide, but its growth and productivity are hampered by heavy metals stress. However, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor, has been found to be effective for imparting heavy metals stress tolerance to plants. Therefore, the current study evaluated the role of exogenously applied SNP in improving plant growth and development under Hg, Cr, Cu, and Zn stress.

Improving the efficiency of n-Si/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cells by incorporating AuNP-decorated graphene oxide as a nanoadditive for conductive polymers.

A gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide (GO-AuNP) hybrid material was prepared by using the chemical reduction method. The obtained results showed that the AuNPs of about of 15 nm are well bound on the surface of GO. The GO-AuNP hybrid material was used for transparent conductive film (TCF) and organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells.

Enhanced power conversion efficiency of an n-Si/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cell using nanostructured silicon and gold nanoparticles.

Herein, the effect of nanostructured silicon and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of an n-type silicon/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (n-Si/PEDOT:PSS) hybrid solar cell was investigated. The Si surface modified with different nanostructures including Si nanopyramids (SiNPs), Si nanoholes (SiNHs) and Si nanowires (SiNWs) was utilized to improve light trapping and photo-carrier collection. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.

Solar Cell Based on Hybrid Structural SiNW/Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Graphene.

Solar energy is considered as a potential alternative energy source. The solar cell is classified into three main types: i) solar cells based on bulk silicon materials (monocrystalline, polycrystalline), ii) thin-film solar cells (CIGS, CdTe, DSSC, etc.), and iii) solar cells based on nanostructures and nanomaterials.

Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Nanofluids for Direct Thermal Solar Absorption.

Recently, many scientists have been making remarkable efforts to enhance the efficiency of direct solar thermal absorption collectors that depends on working fluids. There are a number of heat transfer fluids being investigated and developed. Among these fluids, carbon nanomaterial-based nanofluids have become the candidates with the most potential by the heat absorbing and transfer properties of the carbon nanomaterials.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on double-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene hybrid thin film for arsenic(V) detection.

In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of hybrid thin films based on double-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene for electrochemical sensing applications. The hybrid films were synthesized on polycrystalline copper foil by thermal chemical vapor deposition under low pressure. This carbonaceous hybrid film has exhibited high transparency with a transmittance of 94.

Dynamic Covalent Chemistry as a Facile Route to Unusual Main-Group Thiolate Assemblies and Disulfide Hoops and Cages.

Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC) - combining the robustness of covalent bonds with the self-correcting nature of supramolecular chemistry - facilitates the modular synthesis of complex molecular assemblies in high yields. Although numerous reactions form covalent bonds, only a small set of chemical transformations affect covalent bond formation reversibly under suitable conditions for DCC. Further progress in this area still requires the identification of dynamic motifs and greater insights into their reversibility.

Electrodeposited nickel-graphene nanocomposite coating: effect of graphene nanoplatelet size on its microstructure and hardness.

In this study, the effect of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) size on the microstructure and hardness of the electrodeposited nickel-graphene nanocomposite coatings were investigated. GNPs with different sizes were prepared by using a high energy ball milling technique. The experimental result revealed the high energy ball milling technique could reduce the size, increase the surface area, and improve the dispersion ability of GNPs.

Self-sorting in dynamic disulfide assembly: new biphenyl-bridged "nanohoops" and unsymmetrical cyclophanes.

We expand on our approach combining dynamic covalent self-assembly and sulfur extrusion to synthesize new biphenyl-linked disulfide and thioether macrocycles, which are variants of the venerable phenyl-bridged paracyclophanes. We then advance this strategy further to use two different thiols in tandem to provide new, elusive unsymmetrical disulfides which can also be trapped as unsymmetrical thioether "nanohoops". This approach enables substantial amplification of two unsymmetrical trimers out of a library of at least 21 possible macrocycles of various sizes.

Copper(ii) serves as an efficient additive for metal-directed self-assembly of over 20 thiacyclophanes.

Cu2+ salts are presented as an alternative to previously reported pnictogen additives in the self-assembly of 23 different thiacyclophanes. This process allows for further tuning of library equilibrium mixtures: for instance, by altering additive types and concentrations, trimeric macrocycles are amplified. These trimeric disulfides can then be covalently trapped to form 2 novel thioethers, highlighting the facile route to access these new naphthalene-bridged cyclophanes.

Coupling Metaloid-Directed Self-Assembly and Dynamic Covalent Systems as a Route to Large Organic Cages and Cyclophanes.

The synthesis of large cyclic and caged disulfide structures was achieved by pnictogen-assisted iodine oxidation starting from self-assembled pnictogen thiolate complexes. The directing behavior of pnictogen enables rapid and selective syntheses of many discrete disulfide assemblies over competing oligomers/polymers, ranging from structures that are small and strained to those that are large and multifaceted, including 3D cages. Traditional cyclization reactions carried out under kinetic control are generally low-yielding, which often results in the formation of insoluble oligomers and polymers as unwanted side products.

Heat dissipation for microprocessor using multiwalled carbon nanotubes based liquid.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most valuable materials with high thermal conductivity (2000 W/m · K compared with thermal conductivity of Ag 419 W/m · K). This suggested an approach in applying the CNTs in thermal dissipation system for high power electronic devices, such as computer processor and high brightness light emitting diode (HB-LED). In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based liquid was made by COOH functionalized MWCNTs dispersed in distilled water with concentration in the range between 0.

Direct measurement of the absolute absorption spectrum of individual semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes.

The optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes are very promising for developing novel opto-electronic components and sensors with applications in many fields. Despite numerous studies performed using photoluminescence or Raman and Rayleigh scattering, knowledge of their optical response is still partial. Here we determine using spatial modulation spectroscopy, over a broad optical spectral range, the spectrum and amplitude of the absorption cross-section of individual semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes.