Salivary and Serum Interleukin-6: A Credible Marker for Predicting Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent subtype of oral cancer. Detecting oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in their early stages is crucial to prevent their advancement into OSCC. One of the primary factors contributing to OSCC is tobacco use, which can lead to increased production of cytokines.

Eosinophils: An imperative histopathological prognostic indicator for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Inflammation in tumor microenvironment assists in both promotion and growth of tumor. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is the term used when eosinophils are observed in a tumor tissue with inflammatory infiltrate. Although carcinogenesis with inflammation is one of the important hallmarks, the exact role of eosinophils remains unclear.

Salivary Tumour Necrosis Factor-α as a Biomarker in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Oral cancer is one of the life threatening disease which requires an availability of a biomarker for its early detection and also for effective treatment strategies. The current study is done to evaluate the efficacy of one such biomarker i.e.

Evaluation of Proliferative Marker Ki-67 in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Aim: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor of salivary gland origin. Although the histologic appearance of ACC is low grade, management of this malignancy is a distinct therapeutic challenge because of its tendency for perineural involvement and potential for distant metastasis. Ki-67 antigen is expressed during the G1, S, G2 and M phases in the cell cycle but is absent in the quiescent G0 phase in tissue sections.

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor associated with ameloblastoma - A rare histological variant.

Calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) represent a heterogeneous group of lesions that exhibits a variety of clinical, behavioral, and histological features. COC or Gorlin's cyst is now classified by the World Health Organization as a tumor. Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic lesion that demonstrates histopathologic diversity.

Protein 53, B-Cell Lymphoma-2, Cyclooxygenase-2, and CD105 Reactivity in Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Objective: The objective is to evaluate and compare immunohistochemically, the biological behavior of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) with normal oral mucosa by analyzing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and antiapoptosis using cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), protein 53 (p53), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and CD105 (endoglin).

Materials And Methods: The present study comprised 30 cases of KCOT in the study group, in which the expression of COX-2, p53, Bcl-2, and CD105 were analyzed and compared with that of control group consisting of 30 normal oral mucosae.

Results: The results were evaluated based on a number of positively stained cells; among 30 samples of KCOT, 22 samples were p53 positive, 23 samples were Bcl-2 positive, 18 samples were COX-2 positive, whereas all the above markers were negative in all the 30 samples of the normal oral mucosa and CD105 mean vascular density in KCOT 13.

Role of cell proliferation and vascularity in malignant transformation of potentially malignant disorders.

Background: Significant increase in cell proliferation and vascularity occurs during the transition from normal oral mucosa through differing degrees of dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Aims: To evaluate the cell proliferation and vascularity in potentially malignant disorders and OSCC.

Settings And Design: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 were quantified immunohistochemically (IHC) using anti-PCNA, anti-VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody.

Molecular Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

Aim: In the current study, Porphyromonas gingivalis was identified in chronic periodontitis patients and healthy subjects by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its presence correlated with the severity of clinical periodontal parameters.

Materials And Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected with sterile curette and subjected to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and subsequent PCR for detection of P. gingivalis.

Cytological Changes in Normal Oral Mucosa of Individuals with Tobacco Habits: A Cytomorphometric Study.

Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the six most common cancers in the world, and globally more than 50% of head and neck cancers occur in Asia, remarkably in India. Overall, 200,000 cases of head and neck cancers occur each year in India, among which 80,000 are oral cancers. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a causative role of tobacco use in the evolution of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders.

Honey and olive oil as bio-friendly substitutes for formalin and xylene in routine histopathology.

Background: Formalin has long been the standard fixative and xylene has been the clearing agent for routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry worldwide. In recent years, as a result of increasing concerns about the potential carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and xylene, attempts have been made to find safer alternatives. In the present study, we considered honey as better alternative for formalin and olive oil as safer substitute for xylene.

Collagen and Its Role in predicting the Biological Behavior of Odontogenic Lesions.

Introduction: Odontogenic cysts and tumors have variable recurrence rates. Recurrence rate is mainly due to the activity of the epithelium. The epithelium of these lesions has been investigated extensively in regard to their role in proliferative and aggressive behavior of the lesions.

Cementum as an age determinant: A forensic view.

Context: Forensic age estimation (FAE) defines an expertise in forensic medicine, which aims to define in the most accurate way to determine the unknown chronological age of the person involved in judicial or legal proceedings. Dental cementum is a vital tissue which demonstrates continuous apposition throughout the life of the tooth. This appositional changes of cementum helps in approximation of age inforensic investigations.

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Floor of the Mouth - A Rarity.

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most commonly occurring malignant salivary gland neoplasm, and contributes 2.8%-15% of all salivary gland tumours. More than half of these cases involve the major salivary glands, primarily the parotid glands and minor salivary glands.

Bio-Friendly Alternatives for Xylene - Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, Rose oil.

Background: Xylene is a flammable liquid with characteristic petroleum or aromatic odours, it is miscible with most of the organic solvents and paraffin wax. Xylene clears tissues rapidly and renders transparency, facilitating clearing endpoint determination, this made it to be used as a clearing agent in routine histopathological techniques. Even though it is a good clearing agent, it causes damage to the tissues by its hardening effect particularly those fixed in non-protein coagulant fixatives.

Oral Cysticercosis- A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Cysticercosis, a helminthic disease commonly seen in India, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Southern Africa, results from extraintestinal encystation of the larval form of Taenia solium. It is a condition in which man acts as intermediate host instead of definitive host. The most frequent sites of cysticercosis are subcutaneous layers, brain, muscles, heart, liver, lungs, and peritoneum.

The master switch: Comparative study of mast cell in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cells carcinoma and their association with inflammation and angiogenesis.

Background: Dental and medical practitioners encounter wide spectrum of oral lesions in their day-to-day practice. Many of the lesions such as leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), etc., are associated with tobacco and betel nut chewing.

Gender determination using diagonal measurements of maxillary molar and canine teeth in davangere population.

Background: Mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements of the teeth have been the traditional means of determining gender which sometimes are difficult to measure.

Aims And Objectives: To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in upper permanent canines and first molars using diagonal diameters and to evaluate the applicability of diagonal measurements in sex determination.

Materials And Methods: Mesiobuccal-distolingual (MBDL) and distobuccal-mesiolingual (DBML) measurements of the crown and cervix of maxillary canine and maxillary molar were taken using digital vernier callipers in 100 upper dental casts obtained from 50 males and 50 females of the age group of 17-25 y.

An atypical presentation of Pindborg tumor in anterior maxilla.

Pindborg tumor, the eponymous counterpart of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm that was first described by a Dutch pathologist Jens Jorgen Pindborg in 1955 and accounts for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Its origin as well as its malignant potential is controversial. This neoplasm is possibly of stratum intermedium origin and occurring predominantly in the mandible of adults.