Life-cycle assessment of concrete production with carbon capture and carbon upcycling process.

The main CO utilization methods for concrete production, aimed at reducing its carbon footprint, include several promising approaches. These methods include the carbonation of concrete, where CO reacts with calcium hydroxide to form calcium carbonate; CO-activated concrete, achieved by infusion of CO into concrete during the mixing or curing process; and carbonation of recycled concrete, which uses industrial byproducts like slag and fly ash to sequester CO. Another method is the use of biochar in concrete, where CO is sequestered from organic waste to enhance material properties.