[Modern management of chronic rhinosinusitis].

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease. Due to the significant reduction of the quality of life, possible serious complications and economic consequences, a sufficient therapy is essential. With the entry of biologics into the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, relevant innovations have emerged in recent years.

[Repetitio est mater studiorum-implementation of ENT cases in case-based e-learning].

Background: German university otorhinolaryngology has a need for digital teaching content. Case-based e‑learning represents a digital teaching methodology. The data on student use of case-based e‑learning in university teaching of ENT medicine are limited.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of printer toner particles in a 3D air-liquid interface, primary cell-based nasal tissue model.

Printer toner particles (TPs) are a common, potentially hazardous substance, with an unclear toxicological impact on the respiratory mucosa. Most of the airways surface is covered by a ciliated respiratory mucosa, therefore appropriate tissue models of the respiratory epithelium with a high in vivo correlation are necessary for in vitro evaluation of airborne pollutants toxicology and the impact on the functional integrity. The aim of this study is the evaluation of TPs toxicology in a human primary cell-based air-liquid-interface (ALI) model of respiratory mucosa.

Aspergillus fumigatus-Specific T Cells in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Aspergillus fumigatus belongs to the saprophytic fungi, and its spores form a significant part of the daily load of fungal spores inhaled as particles in aerosols. A. fumigatus is a possible T-cell activator.

Detection of -Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in the Blood and Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

is ubiquitously present, and colonization in the nose and oral cavity is common. In healthy patients, it usually does not act as a pathogen, but in some cases can cause diseases. The influence of as a trigger of T cell activation on the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is controversial, and its exact role is not clear to date.

Cultivation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells with Wound Fluid Leads to Cisplatin Resistance via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induction.

Locoregional recurrence is a major reason for therapy failure after surgical resection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The physiological process of postoperative wound healing could potentially support the proliferation of remaining tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of wound fluid (WF) on the cell cycle distribution and a potential induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Investigation of the Immune Modulatory Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lymphocytes.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are commonly used for a variety of applications in everyday life. In addition, due to its versatility, nanotechnology supports promising approaches in the medical sector. NP can act as drug-carriers in the context of targeted chemo- or immunotherapy, and might also exhibit autonomous immune-modulatory characteristics.

DNA Stability, Regeneration Capacity, and Mucociliary Differentiation of Human Nasal Mucosa Cells in Tissue Systems.

For culture models of primary cells of the human nasal mucosa, monocultures with epithelial cells (ECs) are used as well as cocultures with ECs and fibroblasts (FBs). Well-differentiated models of the respiratory nasal epithelium can be used for ecogenotoxicological assessments, for experiments on host/pathogen interactions, or tissue engineering. However, long-term cultivation and repeated passaging may induce a loss of DNA integrity or cell functionality.

Investigation of Cellular Function and DNA Integrity during 2D in vitro Culture of Human Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells.

In vitro culture of human salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) is still a challenge. A high quantity and quality of cells are needed for the cultivation of 3D matrices. Furthermore, it is known that DNA damage is supposed to be an important factor involved in carcinogenesis.

[In vitro exposure of the shisha tobacco ingredient glycerol to human mucosa cells and lymphocytes].

Shisha tobacco has a higher amount of glycerol than cigarette tobacco. Moreover, new legislation in Germany cancels the old limitation of humectants in shisha tobacco. Although higher amounts of glycerol in tobacco are expected, the knowledge of the toxicological profile of glycerol regarding human cells is incomplete.

Wound fluid enhances cancer cell proliferation via activation of STAT3 signal pathway in vitro.

Wound healing begins immediately after surgery with a modification of the microenvironment via a well‑orchestrated interaction between cells, cytokines and growth factors. Some of these growth factors and cytokines have mitogenic effects on cancer cells, which may lead to enhanced cancer cell proliferation and early metastatic events. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of wound fluid (WF) on the head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines FaDu and HLaC78 in vitro.

Influence of nasal polyp tissue on the differentiation and activation of T lymphocytes in a co-culture system.

T cell subpopulations in nasal polyps differ from peripheral lymphocytes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, little is known about the modulatory influence of the inflamed nasal polyp epithelial cells on the phenotype of the T cells. The aim of the present study was to assess this interaction.

Accumulation of CD69+ tissue‑resident memory T cells in the nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), a relative accumulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cells over CD4+ T cells occurs in nasal polyps compared with the peripheral blood. Nasal CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells predominantly present an effector memory phenotype. Immunological studies have reported that memory T cells recirculate from the tissues to the peripheral blood and a high percentage of these T cells persist within the tissue.

Impact and Modulations of Peripheral and Edaphic B Cell Subpopulations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis.

Objectives: The pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) still are discussed controversially. Regulatory B cells (B) are responsible for the suppression of T cell activity: deficiencies for B have been demonstrated to contribute to autoimmune disorders, e.g.

Time-Dependent Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles after Long-Term and Repetitive Exposure to Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) are widely spread in consumer products. Data about the toxicological characteristics of ZnO-NP is still under controversial discussion. The human skin is the most important organ concerning ZnO-NP exposure.

Toxicological characterization of ZnO nanoparticles in malignant and non-malignant cells.

The increasing usage of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in industrial applications as well as in consumer products raises concern regarding their potential adverse effects to a greater extend. Numerous studies have demonstrated toxic properties of NPs, however there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the underlying mechanisms. This study was designed to systematically investigate cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle alterations, and genotoxicity induced by ZnO-NP.

Characterization of T-cell subpopulations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

Background: There is an ongoing discussion concerning the potential origins of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify subpopulations of T cells in peripheral blood and nasal polyps in CRSwNP to examine their influence on the etiology of this disease.

Methods: Tissue and blood samples were collected from 11 patients who underwent nasal sinus surgery, and these samples were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry.

Long-term changes in the properties of skin-derived fibroblasts following irradiation of the head and neck.

The tumor stroma performs an important role in carcinogenesis. It predominantly consists of fibroblasts and the connective tissue produced by them, and undergoes a multitude of interactions with the surrounding cancer cells. Since irradiation is part of the majority of therapeutic strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, more information regarding the effects of a previous irradiation on the tumor stroma is desirable.

Additive antitumor effects of celecoxib and simvastatin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.

Lipid-lowering statins as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to possess cancer-protective effects in many epidemiologic cohort studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of these findings are mostly unknown. To evaluate possible additive antitumor effects of statins and NSAIDs in vitro, PJ-41 and HLaC78 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (HNSCC) were treated with 40 µM celecoxib, 50 µM simvastatin or a combination of both.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles antagonize the effect of Cetuximab on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are being used in many cosmetic products and have been shown to induce tumor-selective cell death in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), whose effectiveness for HNSCC, alone or in combination with cytostatic drugs, has been demonstrated intensively in the last decades. Nanoparticles are known to interact with protein structures and thus may influence their functionality.

Genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in nasal mucosa cells are antagonized by titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are often used in sunscreens and other consumer products due to their photoprotective properties. However, concern exists regarding them possibly causing cyto- and genotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess cyto- and genotoxicity of these nanomaterials after single or combined exposure.

The Proinflammatory Potential of Nitrogen Dioxide and Its Influence on the House Dust Mite Allergen Der p 1.

Asthma and allergies are both major global health problems with an increasing prevalence, and environmental data implicate an influence of air pollutants on their development. The present study focuses on the influence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the major allergen of the house dust mite Der p 1 on human nasal epithelial cells of nonallergic patients in vitro. Nasal epithelial mucosa samples of 11 donors were harvested during nasal air passage surgery and cultured as an air-liquid interface.

Single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus standard multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case-control study comparing the long-term quality of life and body image.

Purpose: To study the postoperative quality of life and body image of patients who underwent either single-port cholecystectomy (SPC) or standard multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SMLC) in a long-term assessment.

Methods: Fifty patients who underwent SPC using the reusable X-Cone™ Laparoscopic Device were compared with a matched group (age, sex, body mass index) of 50 patients after SMLC. The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and body image at 17 months postoperatively (median, range 9-23) was analysed by means of the Short-Form 12 Health Survey and the Body Image Questionnaire, respectively.

Trocar-site hernia after single-port cholecystectomy: not an exceptional complication?

Background: When compared with standard multiport laparoscopy, the larger fascial incision in single-port surgery (SPS) may imply a potentially increased risk of surgical-site complications, such as herniation. The long-term risk of access-site complications in SPS is still unpredictable.

Methods: Between July 2009 and May 2011, n=78 patients (n=54 females), with a median age of 42 years (range: 18-85 years), underwent single-port cholecystectomy.