Economic Impacts of Initiating Vaccination at 3 Months vs. 6 Months in an Influenza Pandemic in the United States.

An influenza pandemic is likely to occur in the coming decades and will be associated with substantial healthcare and financial burdens. In this study, we evaluated the potential economic costs of different vaccination scenarios for the US population in the context of a moderate or severe influenza pandemic. Economic analysis was performed for initiation of pandemic vaccination from 3 months vs.

Quantifying all-cause healthcare resource utilization and costs of children with mild-to-moderate long COVID in France.

Background: Although children are known to be at risk of developing long COVID, its economic burden is poorly described. We aimed to assess the all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated direct medical costs of children with mild-to-moderate long COVID in France.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care electronic health records to identify children aged <18 years with confirmed/probable COVID-19 diagnoses during March 2020 to December 2022 who developed long COVID, identified per the World Health Organization as suggestive symptoms present ≥3 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

All-cause healthcare resource utilization and costs among community-managed adults with long-COVID in France, 2020-2023.

Background: The clinical and economic burden of long COVID is poorly understood. We aim to assess all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in the primary care setting among adults with long COVID in France.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the electronic healthcare records (EHRs) of confirmed and/or probable COVID-19 patients from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) data between March 2020 and December 2022 was conducted.

Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States.

We modeled the impact of initiating one-dose influenza vaccination at 3 months vs 6 months after declaration of a pandemic over a 1-year timeframe in the US population. Three vaccine effectiveness (VE) and two pandemic severity levels were considered, using an epidemic curve based on typical seasonal influenza epidemics. Vaccination from 3 months with a high, moderate, or low effectiveness vaccine would prevent ~95%, 84%, or 38% deaths post-vaccination, respectively, compared with 21%, 18%, and 8%, respectively following vaccination at 6 months, irrespective of pandemic severity.

Modelling the Relative Vaccine Efficacy of ARCT-154, a Self-Amplifying mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine, versus BNT162b2 Using Immunogenicity Data.

: Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines have the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of protection against COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titers and cellular responses. : In this study, we used the immunogenicity data from a phase 3 randomized trial comparing the immunogenicity of ARCT-154, a self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine to estimate the relative vaccine efficacy (rVE) of the two vaccines over time in younger (<60 years) and older (≥60 years) adults. : By day 181 post-vaccination, the rVE against symptomatic and severe Wuhan-Hu-1 disease was 9.

The relative effectiveness of a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine versus standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccines in older adults in France: a retrospective cohort study during the 2021-2022 influenza season.

Objectives: High-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (HD-QIV) was introduced during the 2021/2022 influenza season in France for adults aged ≥65 years as an alternative to standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (SD-QIV). The aim of this study is to estimate the relative vaccine effectiveness of HD-QIV vs. SD-QIV against influenza-related hospitalizations in France.

Public health and economic benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination in risk groups in France, Italy, Spain and the UK: state of play and perspectives.

Background: Seasonal influenza epidemics have a substantial public health and economic burden, which can be alleviated through vaccination. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a 75% vaccination coverage rate (VCR) in: older adults (aged ≥ 65 years), individuals with chronic conditions, pregnant women, children aged 6-24 months and healthcare workers. However, no European country achieves this target in all risk groups.

Redefining pandemic preparedness: Multidisciplinary insights from the CERP modelling workshop in infectious diseases, workshop report.

In July 2023, the Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens organized a two-day workshop on infectious diseases modelling and the lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic. This report summarizes the rich discussions that occurred during the workshop. The workshop participants discussed multisource data integration and highlighted the benefits of combining traditional surveillance with more novel data sources like mobility data, social media, and wastewater monitoring.

Contributions of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) to influenza vaccination policy for older adults in Europe.

This review describes the importance of economic evaluations and real-world evidence (RWE) for the assessment of enhanced influenza vaccines for older adults in Europe. Individuals ≥65 years of age are at increased risk of severe influenza outcomes and many countries in Europe recommend enhanced vaccines for this population to mitigate immunosenescence. Some National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) may preferentially recommend a specific enhanced vaccine, necessitating comparative economic evaluation and estimation of relative vaccine effectiveness between enhanced vaccine options in the absence of direct head-to-head efficacy data.

Sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave in France, 2020.

Objectives: To quantify the burden of COVID-19-related sick leave during the first pandemic wave in France, accounting for sick leaves due to symptomatic COVID-19 ('symptomatic sick leaves') and those due to close contact with COVID-19 cases ('contact sick leaves').

Methods: We combined data from a national demographic database, an occupational health survey, a social behaviour survey and a dynamic SARS-CoV-2 transmission model. Sick leave incidence from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2020 was estimated by summing daily probabilities of symptomatic and contact sick leaves, stratified by age and administrative region.

Modeling the impact of national and regional lockdowns on the 2020 spring wave of COVID-19 in France.

Several countries have implemented lockdowns to control their COVID-19 epidemic. However, questions like "where" and "when" still require answers. We assessed the impact of national and regional lockdowns considering the French first epidemic wave of COVID-19 as a case study.

Preparing for the upcoming 2022/23 influenza season: A modelling study of the susceptible population in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom.

We analysed the influenza epidemic that occurred in Australia during the 2022 winter using an age-structured dynamic transmission model, which accounts for past epidemics to estimate the population susceptibility to an influenza infection. We applied the same model to five European countries. Our analysis suggests Europe might experience an early and moderately large influenza epidemic.

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during indoor clubbing events: A clustered randomized, controlled, multicentre trial protocol.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to the implementation of several non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), from closings of bars and restaurants to curfews and lockdowns. Vaccination campaigns started hoping it could efficiently alleviate NPI. The primary objective of the "Indoor Transmission of COVID-19" (ITOC) study is to determine among a fully vaccinated population the relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during one indoor clubbing event.

A cross-sectional study on infectious health risks regarding freshwater sports practice in Brittany, France.

Freshwater sports expose practitioners to pathogens in the water environment and may result in infection. In French Brittany, these infections are particularly worrying, especially since 2016 with an increase in the incidence of leptospirosis reaching 1 case per 100,000 inhabitants, which represents the highest incidence observed since 1920. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of infectious diseases related to freshwater sports practice and to identify the factors associated with these infections among freshwater sports licensees in Brittany, France.

Transition matrices model as a way to better understand and predict intra-hospital pathways of covid-19 patients.

Since January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has severely affected hospital systems worldwide. In Europe, the first 3 epidemic waves (periods) have been the most severe in terms of number of infected and hospitalized patients. There are several descriptions of the demographic and clinical profiles of patients with COVID-19, but few studies of their hospital pathways.

Coadministration of seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review of clinical studies.

The lifting of non-pharmaceutical measures preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (and other viruses, including influenza viruses) raises concerns about healthcare resources and fears of an increased number of cases of influenza and COVID-19. For the 2021-2022 influenza season, the WHO and >20 European countries promoted coadministration of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Recently, the French Health Authority recommended coupling the COVID-19 vaccination with the 2022-2023 influenza vaccination campaign for healthcare professionals and people at risk of severe COVID-19.

[Covid-19 : un pari épidémiologique perdu ?].

COVID-19: A LOST EPIDEMIOLOGICAL BET? For the last two years, the world has been sailing from one epidemic wave to another. From lockdowns to curfews, strategies have changed over time, whether on travel restrictions, mask requirements, or vaccination. The health crisis has never ceased to toss us from one extreme to the other; each step further testing the resilience of our health system and the population's trust in its leaders.

National influenza surveillance systems in five European countries: a qualitative comparative framework based on WHO guidance.

Background: Influenza surveillance systems vary widely between countries and there is no framework to evaluate national surveillance systems in terms of data generation and dissemination. This study aimed to develop and test a comparative framework for European influenza surveillance.

Methods: Surveillance systems were evaluated qualitatively in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) by a panel of influenza experts and researchers from each country.

Adherence and sustainability of interventions informing optimal control against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: After one year of stop-and-go COVID-19 mitigation, in the spring of 2021 European countries still experienced sustained viral circulation due to the Alpha variant. As the prospect of entering a new pandemic phase through vaccination was drawing closer, a key challenge remained on how to balance the efficacy of long-lasting interventions and their impact on the quality of life.

Methods: Focusing on the third wave in France during spring 2021, we simulate intervention scenarios of varying intensity and duration, with potential waning of adherence over time, based on past mobility data and modeling estimates.

An ensemble model based on early predictors to forecast COVID-19 health care demand in France.

Short-term forecasting of the COVID-19 pandemic is required to facilitate the planning of COVID-19 health care demand in hospitals. Here, we evaluate the performance of 12 individual models and 19 predictors to anticipate French COVID-19-related health care needs from September 7, 2020, to March 6, 2021. We then build an ensemble model by combining the individual forecasts and retrospectively test this model from March 7, 2021, to July 6, 2021.

Evaluating COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Strategies in a Partially Vaccinated Population: A Modeling Study.

Background: Several countries are implementing COVID-19 booster vaccination campaigns. The objective of this study was to model the impact of different primary and booster vaccination strategies.

Methods: We used a compartmental model fitted to hospital admission data in France to analyze the impact of primary and booster vaccination strategies on morbidity and mortality, assuming waning of immunity and various levels of virus transmissibility during winter.