Macromolecular features of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fractions from biphasic organosolv fractionation of diverse biomasses: A comparative study.

Understanding lignocellulosic biomass (LB) fractionation is crucial for integrated valorization pathways. Eucalyptus (EW), pine (PW), hazelnut shells (HS) and vine pruning (VP) were selected as representative LB for "one-step" fractionation in biphasic media of water and 1-butanol or 1-pentanol by microwave heating. Owing to the limited water solubility of these alcohols, the reaction media was constituted by an aqueous phase (hemicellulose-derived products), an organic phase (mainly lignin) and a solid (mainly cellulose).

Coping Styles of Patients Hospitalized in an Intermediate Trauma Unit.

Objective: Effective coping with the physical and mental changes experienced after traumatic injury decreases stress, reduces complications, and promotes healing. Although there are many studies of coping in medical patients, there is little research concerning the coping styles of patients hospitalized in trauma units. This study aimed to achieve two main objectives: (1) adapt the Vignette Similarity Rating Method for implementation in a Puerto Rican trauma unit, and (2) describe the coping styles of patients admitted to the unit, exploring their association with sociodemographic, clinical, and situational factors.

The reverse sequence of Aβ amyloid self-triggers isolated nano-fibers and oligomers in lipid environment.

Nanostructured lipid/peptide film at air/water interface allow to build different molecular arrangements depending of peptide sequence, peptide proportion and type of lipid. We studied the surface properties of Aβ(1 -42) and its retro-isomer Aβ(42 -1) amyloid peptides mixed with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid at the air/water interface. In absence of lipids, pure form of both Aβ(1 -42) and Aβ(42 -1) form insoluble monolayer films without appreciable fibril-like structures despite the high interfacial confinement.

Liposomal formulation of a vitamin C derivative: a promising strategy to increase skin permeability.

This study describes the development of a novel liposomal formulation incorporating 3--ethyl-L-ascorbic acid (EAA), a derivative of vitamin C. The EAA-loaded liposomes were fully characterized, particle size and zeta potential values suitable for drug delivery. The skin penetration studies revealed that liposomal formulation enhanced EAA retention in the skin compared to free EAA.

Expression of Lumican and Osteopontin in Perivascular Areas of the Glioblastoma Peritumoral Niche and Its Value for Prognosis.

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers due to its complex tumor microenvironment (TME). We previously showed that GB progression is dependent on the aberrant induction of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in pericytes (PCs), which promotes TME immunosuppression through the PC secretome. The secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with anti-tumor (Lumican) and pro-tumoral (Osteopontin, OPN) properties was shown to be dependent on the regulation of GB-induced CMA in PCs.

Predictive factors in the retrieval of endodontic instruments: the relationship between the fragment length and location.

Objectives: This study aimed to relate the file fragment length and location in the root canal to the retrieval chances, the clinical time required and the occurrence of secondary fractures.

Materials And Methods: Sixty clinical cases of fractured instruments were included in this study. They were classified according to the instrument length and the location of the root canal.

Psychoacoustic and Archeoacoustic nature of ancient Aztec skull whistles.

Many ancient cultures used musical tools for social and ritual procedures, with the Aztec skull whistle being a unique exemplar from postclassic Mesoamerica. Skull whistles can produce softer hiss-like but also aversive and scream-like sounds that were potentially meaningful either for sacrificial practices, mythological symbolism, or intimidating warfare of the Aztecs. However, solid psychoacoustic evidence for any theory is missing, especially how human listeners cognitively and affectively respond to skull whistle sounds.

[Argentinean registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: effectiveness and safety of first line treatment].

Introduction: The optimal management of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection remains unclear. Updated information concerning local data is needed to design the best strategy to treat H. pylori infection to reach high eradication rates.

Forensic International Dental Database (FIDBv2) for adult age-at-death estimation in multiple forensic contexts: Strengthening the operationalization of the Lamendin criteria in a global scope model.

The aim of this study is to validate the FIDBv2 online procedure for adult age-at-death estimation using root dentine translucency (RDT) and periodontal retraction (PR) of single-rooted teeth in a worldwide sample. The sample includes 4810 teeth of 2559 individuals from 16 countries of America, Europe and Asia. Bias and inaccuracy between documented (DA) and estimated ages (EA) were calculated.

Liposomal formulation of a gold(III) metalloantibiotic: a promising strategy against antimicrobial resistance.

A novel lipoformulation was developed by encapsulating cationic (S^C)-cyclometallated gold(III) complex [Au(dppta)(NPy-PZ-dtc)] (AuPyPZ) in liposomes. The liposomal form of compound AuPyPZ has a bactericidal action similar to that of the free drug without any appreciable effect on the viability of mammalian cells. Furthermore, the nanoformulation reduces metalloantibiotic-induced inhibition of hERG and the inhibition of cytochromes, significantly decreasing the potential liabilities of the metallodrug.

Psychedelic public health: State of the field and implications for equity.

Background: Psychedelic Public Health is an emerging discipline uniting the practices of public health with the potential benefits of psychedelics to reduce harm and promote health, wellness, and equity at community and population levels. Little is known regarding the current state of psychedelic public health despite rising psychedelic usage, evidence of its health efficacy, opening policy environments, and concerns regarding equity and potential harms.

Methods: To characterize the current state of psychedelic public health, this survey reviewed relevant webpages from 228 universities housing accredited Schools and Programs in Public Health (SPPHs) and 59 Psychedelic Research Centers (PRCs) in the US and globally.

Prognosis recovery score of apical surgery Guided Bone Regeneration using cone beam computed tomography and digital bioinformatics.

Objective: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a dental surgical procedure that uses barrier membranes to prevent soft tissue invasion and conduct new bone growth. This study aimed to define a Prognosis Recovery score (PR score) to objectively classify post-surgery responders from non-responder patients who underwent GBR using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Methods: This prospective-observational-longitudinal-cohort study recruited 250 individuals who were assigned to: Conventional-Apical-Surgery (CAS, n = 39), Apical-Surgery using human fascia lata Membrane placement (ASM, n = 42), and Apical-Surgery using human fascia lata Membrane placement and lyophilized allograft Bone powder (ASMB, n = 39); and Apical-Surgery using collagen membrane Porcine origin and Bovine Bone-matrix (ASPBB, n = 130), an independent external validation cohort.

Micro-CT evaluation of the presence of voids in endodontic obturation.

Unlabelled: Identifying the presence, size, type and location of voids in an endodontic obturation is of great clinical importance because it enables evaluation of the three-dimensionality of the sealing techniques, which can be related to the success of the endodontic treatment.

Aim: To analyze by micro-CT the presence of voids in lower single-rooted premolar root canal obturations prepared using the single cone and ultrasound vibration technique.

Materials And Methods: Twenty extracted single-rooted lower premolars were selected, and the root canal prepared surgically and chemically.

Effect of early initiation of noninvasive ventilation in patients transported by emergency medical service for acute heart failure.

Background: While the indication for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in severely hypoxemic patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is often indicated and may improve clinical course, the benefit of early initiation before patient arrival to the emergency department (ED) remains unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of early initiation of NIV during emergency medical service (EMS) transportation on outcomes in patients with AHF.

Design: A secondary retrospective analysis of the EAHFE (Epidemiology of AHF in EDs) registry.

Palbociclib in advanced stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: real-world data from a Chilean multicentre registry.

Background: The addition of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKi) to endocrine therapy (ET) as the first- or second line treatment improves progression-free and overall survival (OS) in hormone receptor-positive, HER2 negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced stage breast cancer (ABC). Our study compared survival rates and prognostic factors in Chilean patients that used palbociclib as first or subsequent (≥second) lines of treatment in a real-world setting.

Methods: Our retrospective population-cohort study included HR+/HER2- ABC patients.

Ketamine in the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: Experience from two centres.

Purpose: There is insufficient evidence on the management of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-RSE (SRSE). Ketamine is a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist in the treatment of these entities. Our objectives were to study the effectiveness and safety of ketamine in the treatment of adult patients with RSE and SRSE, to determine the factors that can influence the response to ketamine, and to explore its use in patients without mechanical ventilation.

ArUco-based stylus reliability for reproductible 3D digitalisation of shoulder cartilage contours.

Imaging techniques in anatomy have developed rapidly over the last decades through the emergence of various 3D scanning systems. Depending on the dissection level, non-contact or tactile contact methods can be applied on the targeted structure. The aim of this study was to assess the inter and intra-observer reproducibility of an ArUco-based localisation stylus, that is, a manual technique on a hand-held stylus.

Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia and Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis: An Unusual Case of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance.

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate at temperatures below 37 °C and dissolve upon reheating. They can induce small-vessel vasculitis with renal involvement. Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis is a rare manifestation that occurs in patients with monoclonal gammopathy, specifically Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Aβ Amyloid Fibers Drastically Alter the Topography and Mechanical Properties of Lipid Membranes.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the fibrillation of the Aβ peptides at neuronal membranes, a process that depends on the lipid composition and may impart different physical states to the membrane. In the present work, we study the properties of the Aβ peptide when mixed with a zwitterionic lipid (DMPC), using the Langmuir monolayer technique as an approach to control membrane physical conditions. First, we build on previous characterizations of pure Aβ monolayers and observe that, in addition to high shear, these films present a pronounced compressional hysteresis.

Linking Anthropogenic Landscape Perturbation to Herbivory and Pathogen Leaf Damage in Tropical Tree Communities.

Anthropogenic disturbance of tropical humid forests leads to habitat loss, biodiversity decline, landscape fragmentation, altered nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, soil erosion, pest/pathogen outbreaks, among others. Nevertheless, the impact of these alterations in multitrophic interactions, including host-pathogen and vector-pathogen dynamics, is still not well understood in wild plants. This study aimed to provide insights into the main drivers for the incidence of herbivory and plant pathogen damage, specifically, into how vegetation traits at the local and landscape scale modulate such interactions.

Dexamethasone doses in patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal dose of dexamethasone for severe/critical COVID-19 is uncertain. We compared higher versus standard doses of dexamethasone in adults with COVID-19 and hypoxia.

Methods: We searched PubMed and trial registers until 23 June 2023 for randomised clinical trials comparing higher (>6 mg) versus standard doses (6 mg) of dexamethasone in adults with COVID-19 and hypoxia.

Reverse triggering during mechanical ventilation: Diagnosis and clinical implications.

This review addresses the phenomenon of "reverse triggering", an asynchrony that occurs in deeply sedated patients or patients in transition from deep to light sedation. Reverse triggering has been reported to occur in 30-90% of all ventilated patients. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, but "entrainment" is proposed as one of them.

Interfacial Aβ fibril formation is modulated by the disorder-order state of the lipids: The concept of the physical environment as amyloid inductor in biomembranes.

The behavior of amphiphilic molecules such as lipids, peptides and their mixtures at the air/water interface allow us to evaluate and visualize the arrangement formed in a confined and controlled surface area. We have studied the surface properties of the zwitterionic DPPC lipid and Aβ(1-40) amyloid peptide in mixed films at different temperatures (from 15 to 40 °C). In this range of temperature the surface properties of pure Aβ(1-40) peptide remained unchanged, whereas DPPC undergoes its characteristic liquid-expanded → liquid-condensed bidimensional phase transition that depends on the temperature and lateral pressure.