Selected comparative aspects and unexpected findings in acute phase proteins and other biomarkers of animal health and welfare.

Recent years have seen advances in clinical biochemistry of domestic animals which have highlighted comparative differences between species and have also identified fundamental aspects of the biochemical mechanisms in physiological conditions and disease, that have implications across species, including human, health and welfare. From investigations in diverse species using biochemical, immunological, proteomic and metabolomic approaches a series of species particularities and unexpected results for some biomarkers have been made. These observations cover (1) the differences between species in the acute phase protein (APP) response to infection and inflammation; (2) the non-hepatic synthesis and release in the mammary gland, adipose tissue and intestine of APP (3) the response of haptoglobin (HP) as a biomarker for stress; (4) observations in non-mammalian species related to hemopexin and HP; (5) the response of bile acids in milk to mastitis; (6) barley serine protease inhibitors being identified in bovine faeces; (7) alkaline phosphatase being present in bovine nasal secretion; (8) saliva findings with analytes such as adenine deaminase showing different activity between saliva and serum and a detergent-like surfactant protein, latherin being found in equine saliva and sweat and (9) serum enzymes and selective muscle protein reaction of Atlantic salmon as an example of the differences in biochemistry between terrestrial and aquatic species.

Serum Biomarkers in Atlantic Salmon for Differential Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy Syndrome and Pancreas Disease: Proteomic Identification of Serum Fibrinogen to Enhance Troponin Immunoassay as Optimal Diagnostic Approach.

Cardiac viral diseases are among the major causes of economic losses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture. These include cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) caused by piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) and pancreas disease (PD) caused by Atlantic salmonid alphavirus (SAV).

Metabolomics and proteomics insights into hepatic responses of weaned piglets to dietary Spirulina inclusion and lysozyme supplementation.

Background: Studying the effect of dietary Spirulina and lysozyme supplementation on the metabolome and proteome of liver tissue contributes to understanding potential hepatic adaptations of piglets to these novel diets. This study aimed to understand the influence of including 10% Spirulina on the metabolome and proteome of piglet liver tissue. Three groups of 10 post-weaned piglets, housed in pairs, were fed for 28 days with one of three experimental diets: a cereal and soybean meal-based diet (Control), a base diet with 10% Spirulina (SP), and an SP diet supplemented with 0.

Identification of novel biomarkers of acute phase response in chickens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin.

Background: The chicken's inflammatory response is an essential part of the bird's response to infection. A single dose of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin can activate the acute phase response (APR) and lead to the production of acute phase proteins (APPs).

Measuring the impact of dietary supplementation with citrus or cucumber extract on chicken gut microbiota using 16s rRNA gene sequencing.

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplements, citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), on the jejunum and cecum microbiota of 14- and 28-days old broiler chickens to evaluate their impact on the gut health and assess their role as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (ABGPs). 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed the overall bacterial microbiota composition was significantly affected by the gut site (p? View Article and Find Full Text PDF