Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Current Regulatory Landscape and Future Directions.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare offers the potential to play a critical role in reshaping clinical practice. However, it also brings regulatory, ethical, implementation, social, and technical challenges that healthcare systems must overcome. It is necessary for the responsible parties in AI applications to be well defined by the regulations.

Emerging trends in multi-modal artificial intelligence for clinical decision support: A narrative review.

Multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) integrates and interprets diverse data types, such as images, text, video, and audio, and offers new opportunities for clinical decision support systems (CDSSs). Traditional CDSSs rely on unimodal data, which limits their predictive accuracy and coverage. The incorporation of MMAI holds promise for more accurate diagnosis, treatment optimization, and personalized patients care by synthesizing heterogeneous data sources.

The Next Frontiers in Preventive and Personalized Healthcare: Artificial Intelligent-Powered Solutions.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies have the potential to significantly increase diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes. They are revolutionizing the field of preventive and personalized medicine by providing data-driven insights. AI is capable of analyzing large and complex datasets such as genomic, environmental, and lifestyle information much faster and more conveniently than traditional methods.

Relationship Between Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Venous Thromboembolism: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Role.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is a serious vascular disease that ranks third in cardiovascular-related deaths. Inflammation along with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in the pathophysiology of VTE. This review focuses on articles that that evaluate the role of NETs in the development of VTE and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Inhibition of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Hemorrhagic Stroke.

Stroke is a major health problem with high mortality and morbidity rates, partly due to limited treatment options. Inflammation has a critical role in the secondary damage that occurs following a stroke event. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released by neutrophils and contribute to the progression of neuroinflammation that further worsens brain damage.

An Evaluation of Opportunities and Challenges of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare.

In a globalised world, patients may need to manage and track their health records with healthcare professionals anywhere and anytime with high data privacy and security. Blockchain technology (BcT) provides these necessities. This study aims to provide a general overview of the usability of BcT in healthcare applications.

Role of Potential Biomarkers in Aortic Aneurysms: Does It Hold Promise for Clinical Decision Making?

Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are a life-threatening disease with a mortality rate of up to 80% when they rupture. AA has a multifactorial etiology, including smoking, advanced age, and family history, and has multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying its formation, mainly including inflammation of the aortic wall, reduction of medial smooth muscle cells, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. It is also a progressive disease.

Role of Neutrophils as Therapeutic Targets in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major health problem. It is one of the most common types of stroke and results in mortality in approximately half of patients. More than half of the fatalities occur in the first 2 days.

Ly6C inflammatory monocytes promote susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection.

Ly6C inflammatory monocytes (iMO) are critical for host defense against toxoplasmosis and malaria but their role in leishmaniasis is unclear. In this study, we report a detrimental role of Ly6C iMOs in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani. We demonstrate that Ly6C iMOs are continuously recruited into the spleen and liver during L.

Rapid Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Detection of Meropenem Resistance by Flow Cytometric Assay.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a rapid detection method of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains both MALDI-TOF MS and flow cytometry (FCM).

Methods: A total of 174 K. pneumoniae strains were included in this study.

Pediatric Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Region in Turkey: A Retrospective Analysis of 8786 Cases during 1998-2014.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health concern in Turkey and Sanliurfa represents the most endemic city in Turkey. Although children are most commonly affected by CL, detailed studies of pediatric CL in Turkey are lacking.

Methodology/principal Findings: In this report we retrospectively evaluated clinical and epidemiological data of 8786 pediatric CL cases, and how children respond to antimonial therapy.

[Rapid detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by flow cytometry method].

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), produced by Enterobacteriaceae members are enzymes that especially cause a resistance to cephalosporin group antibiotics commonly used in clinics. Early and rapid detection of ESBL production is crucial for antimicrobial treatment and infection control; however the methods used for this purpose are time consuming (24 to 48 hours). The aim of this study was to determine a flow cytometry based-test which provides to detect ESBL producing bacteria in a short time.

Meglumine antimoniate is more effective than sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Sodium stibogluconate (SSG, Pentostam) and meglumine antimoniate (MA, Glucantime) are two antimonials that are widely used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), but the relative efficacies of these treatments are not clear. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of intralesional SSG with intralesional MA therapy in the treatment of CL. One month after completion of the therapy, 1431 of 1728 patients (82%) who received intralesional MA showed complete clinical cure compared to 1157 of 1728 patients (67%) in the SSG group.

A Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Syrian and Turkish Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health problem with increasing incidence, especially in extreme circumstances. In this study, we compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 685 Syrian CL patients afflicted by the Syrian conflict and 685 Turkish CL patients in 2012. Patient age, gender, duration of disease, lesion size, type, and localization were evaluated.

[Phenotypic and genotypic identification of Candida strains isolated as nosocomial pathogens].

Over the last decade, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections and antifungal agents used to treat these infections. In recent years, Candida species have emerged as important causes of invasive infections among patients in intensive care units. One of the main goals of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of infectious Candida species isolated in our hospital and accordingly supply data for hospital infection (HI) control.

[In vitro activity of fosfomycin trometamol in the treatment of Escherichia coli related uncomplicated urinary tract infections].

Although in certain countries in Europe fosfomycin trometamol (FT) has been used for many years, in Turkey FT has become available in recent years. FT has a broad-spectrum activity against most of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of FT, a new alternative antimicrobial agent in the treatment of patients with Escherichia coli related uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI).

[Investigation of E6/E7 mRNAs of high risk human papilloma virus types by a commercial automatized NASBA assay in cervical swabs].

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. In addition to cytological screening, nucleic acid testing is the mainstay of diagnosis and follow-up. The molecular tests used for the detection of HPV-DNA in cervical specimens, usually rely on consensus polymerase chain reaction assays that target L1 region of the viral genome.

[An overview of Strongyloides stercoralis and its infections].

Strongyloidiasis which is an infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical regions; whereas, it is sporadic in Turkey. It is estimated that 30-100 million people are infected with this agent worldwide. The infection is usually asymptomatic, however, eosinophilia may be the only sign.

[Antimicrobial resistance profiles of community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates during 2004-2006 in a training hospital in Istanbul].

In order to reveal the antimicrobial resistance profiles against first-line antimicrobial agents in community-acquired acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), resistance patterns were determined for 1664 Escherichia coli strains collected between 2004 and 2006 in GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Of the isolates 38.2% were found to be susceptible to all of the tested antimicrobial agents, while the resistance rate to single antibiotic was 13.

[Evaluation of intestinal parasites in a period of four years in the coprology laboratory of a training hospital].

Parasitological examination of stool samples of 9867 individuals, submitted from both inpatient and outpatient departments to the Microbiology Department of an 800-bed Training Hospital between 1.1.2003 and 31.

Procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in diabetic foot infections.

The diagnosis of diabetic foot infection (DFI) is usually a challenge to the clinician. Procalcitonin (PCT), a 116-amino acid propeptide of calcitonin, is a new marker of bacterial infections and sepsis. We evaluated the serum value of PCT as a marker of bacterial infection in diabetic patients with foot ulcers.

Risk factors for the infections caused by temporary double-lumen hemodialysis catheters.

Background: Temporary hemodialysis catheters are important devices used in dialysis practice but may be the source of infection in hemodialysis patients.

Methods: We investigated the infectious complications in 70 hemodialysis patients using 113 hemodialysis catheters.

Results: The frequency of catheter-related bacteremia was 23.

Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci may also be resistant to some other antibiotics as well as beta-lactams. In this study, co-existence of resistance to methicillin and aminoglycosides was genetically investigated in staphylococci. A total of 50 staphylococci from in-patients, 17 Staphylococcus aureus and 33 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) that contained mecA (gene encoding PBP 2a, an altered penicillin-binding protein) determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in the study.