Relapse and disability outcomes in incident MOGAD patients undergoing watchful waiting after onset.

Background: Observation off chronic steroids-sparing immunotherapy (watchful waiting) is often recommended after the onset attack of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) given the variable relapse risk, but the outcomes of this approach are unexplored.

Objectives: To determine the risk of relapse and unfavorable disability outcomes in MOGAD patients who underwent watchful waiting approach after the onset attack.

Methods: In this international, multicenter, retrospective case series in four tertiary-care centers in Canada, Israel, Thailand, and the United States, patients who fulfilled the 2023 MOGAD diagnostic criteria, presented to the participating institutions with the first clinical attack (incident cases), and had at least 3 years of follow-up were identified (n = 81).

Efficacy of isolated periocular botulinum toxin A injections versus periocular and adjunctive lower facial injections in hemifacial spasm: a randomized, controlled, noninferiority, crossover trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the necessity of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) administration in the lower face of patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS).

Methods: A randomized controlled non-inferiority crossover trial was conducted with 46 HFS patients (non-inferiority margin = 1). Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either isolated periocular BoNT-A injections followed by conventional injections (periocular and lower face area) or the reverse sequence, with a 16-week washout.

Analysis of extraocular muscle volumes in idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis patients.

Background: Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition without an identifiable cause characterized by fibrous thickening of the dura mater, which can involve the extraocular muscles (EOM).

Objective: To evaluate volumetric changes of EOM in idiopathic HP patients compared with healthy controls (HC) and study the correlation with ocular motility disturbance.

Materials And Method: Twenty-two idiopathic HP patients diagnosed and underwent 3T MRI between 2017 to 2021 at Siriraj Hospital and 22 age- and sex-matched HC were included in this retrospective study.

Cost-utility analysis of botulinum toxin type A versus oral drug treatment in patients with severe blepharospasm in Thailand.

Background: Blepharospasm is a chronic facial movement disorder affecting a person's ability to work, causing depression, pain, and a reduced quality of life (QoL). Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment can improve these conditions; however, its cost remains a significant barrier for inclusion of this indication into the Thai National List of Essential Medicine.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNT-A) and abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A) treatment compared to oral medication treatment in patients with severe blepharospasm from a societal perspective.

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on intraocular pressure in patients with OSA: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Objectives: To assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on intraocular pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods: The search was performed in Ovid Medline and Embase database, then followed by a manual bibliography search. Abstract search and screening were independently performed followed by eligible full-text versions reviewed.

Effects of intraocular pressure change on intraocular lens power calculation in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

This study aimed to assess the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) changes on biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). This prospective non-randomized cohort study enrolled patients with diagnosed POAG and OHT, presenting with IOP levels exceeding 25 mmHg. Thai Clinical Trials Registry number was TCTR20180912007.

The prone position in COVID-19 impacts the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layers and macular ganglion cell layers.

The prone position reduces mortality in severe cases of COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, visual loss and changes to the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) and the macular ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (m-GCIPL) have occurred in patients undergoing surgery in the prone position. Moreover, COVID-19-related eye problems have been reported.

Plasma exchange for acute optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review.

Objectives: To appraise whether plasma exchange (PLEX) effectively improves visual function for acute optic neuritis (ON) in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Methods And Analysis: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles published between 2006 and 2020.Eligible studies were in English and evaluated visual outcomes for people with acute ON in NMO or NMOSD treated with PLEX.

Health-related quality of life of daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm: Multi-center observational study.

Purpose: To compare Thais' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and severity grading, efficacy and safety in daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) patients at baseline and after Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment.

Design: Prospective-observational study.

Participants: BEB patients with Jankovic rating scale (JRS) at least 3 in both severity and frequency graded from 14 institutes nationwide were included from August 2020 to June 2021.

Clinical expression and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid study in twins with 14484 Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: A case report.

Background: This study aimed to explore clinical and molecular factors that cause discordance for clinical expression of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) in a pair of identical twins with the 14484 point mutation.

Case Summary: Twin patients with the 14484 point mutation were studied for zygosity by using the Short Tandem Repeats Typing system. For the monozygotic twins, the radioactive restriction and densitometric analyses were used to quantitate the heteroplasmy level for the 14484 point mutation.

The epidemiology and mutation types of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in Thailand.

Purpose: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), the most common mitochondrial optic neuropathy, causes visual loss, especially in young adults. Due to the absence of epidemiological data in Southeast Asia, we aimed to determine Thai LHON patients' characteristics (demographic data, mutation types, and prognoses) as the first study in this region.

Methods: This retrospective chart review enrolled all Thai LHON patients confirmed by three mitochondrial DNA mutations (G11778A, T14484C, and G3460A) between January 1997 and December 2016.

Structural and functional differentiation between compressive and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Clinical diagnoses of slow, progressive, painless visual losses with various degrees of visual field (VF) losses and disc atrophy are often confused between suprasellar compressive optic neuropathy (CON) and open-angle glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). We plotted the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) against the mean deviation (MD) of the VF of 34 eyes of CON at diagnosis, 30 eyes of CON after therapy, 29 eyes of GON, and 60 eyes of healthy controls in a cross-sectional investigation. At diagnosis, a disproportionally early pattern of structural thinning compared with the corresponding VF losses was unique to CON.

Characteristics of Corneal Subbasal Nerves in Different Age Groups: An in vivo Confocal Microscopic Analysis.

Purpose: To determine the normative characteristics of corneal subbasal nerves in different age groups using laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Patients And Methods: This descriptive observational study recruited healthy subjects (aged 20-60 years) from Siriraj Health-Screening Center. Excluded were individuals who had abnormal ocular symptoms, previous ocular surgery, a history of any diseases related to systemic and/or corneal neuropathy, or abnormal corneal sensitivity.

A Cavernous Venous Malformation of the Orbit Mimicking an Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation.

Orbital cavernous venous malformations (CVMs) are usually slow progressing. Multiple CVMs, bilateral orbital CVMs, and acute presentations are rare. We present a rare, bilateral, orbital CVM with acute painful visual loss in the left eye.

Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) in a Thai Patient: The Classic Clinical Manifestations, Funduscopic Feature, and Brain Imaging Findings with a Novel Mutation in the Gene.

Background: A 38-year-old woman was diagnosed autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) with a novel pathogenic variant in the gene presented with gradually progressive spastic ataxia since the age of 2 years; then, she became wheelchair-bound at the age of 28 years.

Phenomenology: The patient presented a combination of cerebellar dysfunctions e.g.

Variable structure and function relationship of compressive optic neuropathy at the time of diagnosis.

Purpose: To illustrate the structure-function relationship of compressive optic neuropathy (CON) at the time of diagnosis.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-two eyes of newly diagnosed suprasellar CON and 60 healthy eyes were included in the study. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were obtained using Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Optical coherence tomography in central nervous system demyelinating diseases related optic neuritis.

Aim: To compare the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) among patients with various forms of optic neuritis (ON) and to identify whether any particular parameters or their thinning pattern can be used to distinguish the type of ON.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, between January, 2015 and December, 2016. We enlisted patients over 18 years of age with history of ON and categorized patients into 4 groups: 1) aquaporin 4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) positive; 2) multiple sclerosis (MS); 3) myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) positive; 4) idiopathic-ON patients.

Differences in clinical features between optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the common manifestations both in neuromyelitis-optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to compare clinical presentations, laboratories and imaging findings in ON associated with MS and NMOSD.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in patients presenting with ON in 59 NMOSD patients with 72 eyes' involvement and 163 ON attacks, and 20 MS patients with 23 eyes' involvement and 36 ON attacks.

Visual function and inner retinal structure correlations in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive optic neuritis.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between visual function and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with aquaporin-4 IgG-positive optic neuritis (AQP4-IgG-positive ON).

Study Design: Prospective study.

Methods: Patients with a history of ON were categorized into 2 groups: the AQP4-IgG-positive group and the AQP4-IgG-negative group.

Diurnal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.

Aim: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the morning and evening in Thai patients with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, potential OSAHS patients at Siriraj Hospital underwent polysomnography to determine the severity of OSAHS and an eye examination (including best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and Goldmann applanation tonometry). RNFL thickness was recorded once in the morning and once in the evening, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Diagnostic value of visual evoked potentials for clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Prolonged latency of visual evoked potentials (VEP) has been used to identify clinically silent lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) suspects. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of VEP to predict the development of MS in MS suspects.

Methods: Retrospective hospital records of MS suspects were evaluated.

Accuracy of Holladay 2 formula using IOLMaster parameters in the absence of lens thickness value.

Background: The accuracy of the Holladay 2 (H2) formula is well-documented. This formula requires seven variables to estimate effective lens position (ELP) for the IOL power calculation. The lens thickness (LT) value is one of the required variables.

The effect of coenzyme Q10 and curcumin on chronic methanol intoxication induced retinopathy in rats.

Background: The retinal pathophysiology of methanol intoxication is that formate inhibits retinal mitochondrial function and increases oxidative stress.

Objective: To investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 and curcumin on chronic methanol intoxication causing retinopathy in rats.

Material And Method: The authors designed an experimental study of chronic methanol intoxication in rats depleted of folate with methotrexate.

Clinical profiles of Thai patients with ocular myasthenia gravis in Siriraj Hospital.

Ninety-six patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) seen at Siriraj Hospital during 1994 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 59 female (61.5%) and 37 (38.

Sjögren-like syndrome after bone marrow transplantation.

Objective: To study the incidence of dry eye in Sjögren-like syndrome, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in hematological patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT).

Material And Method: Prospective, cross-sectional study in twenty-six patients that were planned for BMT (group I). Twenty-nine patients undergoing BMT before study were classified as group II no GVHD (9), and group III with GVHD (20).