Characteristics and trends of fireworks-related hand injuries and treatment at a Level I trauma center.

Purpose: Firework-related injuries can have devastating consequences, often resulting in permanent damage or amputation, with incidence rising in recent years. This study characterizes firework-related hand injuries treated at a Level 1 Trauma Center over a 10-year period, analyzing demographics, injury patterns, outcomes, and trends.

Methods: The medical records of patients treated at a Level I trauma center for firework-related hand injuries between January 2013 and January 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Evaluating tendon transfers in irreparable rotator cuff tears: A systematic review of clinical outcomes and failure rates.

Background: Irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) pose a clinical challenge, particularly in younger patients. Tendon transfers (TTs) have emerged as a joint-preserving surgical option. However, the clinical outcomes, failure rates, and complication profiles associated with different TTs remain incompletely defined.

Characterization of posterior capsular injury for preoperative planning in closed knee injuries: A narrative review.

Knee arthroscopy is a common and generally safe procedure for treating ligamentous, meniscal and cartilaginous knee injuries, yet rare complications such as irrigation fluid extravasation and compartment syndrome can occur when the posterior joint capsule is violated. Because posterior capsular injury is often under-recognized on clinical examination and conventional MRI, failure to identify these tears may lead to instability, accelerated cartilage degeneration and functional limitations. In this narrative review, we first outline the complex anatomy of the posterior capsule, including its integration with the semimembranosus and popliteus complexes and attachments to cruciate ligaments, and then characterize key injury mechanisms (multi-ligament tears, pivot-shift, dashboard, hyperextension and valgus "clip" injuries).

Real-world functional outcomes and predictors of futile recanalization in patients meeting criteria for SELECT2.

BackgroundRecent randomized trials have shown that patients presenting with large core infarctions benefit from endovascular thrombectomy compared to medical management. We report real-world outcomes and factors associated with futile recanalization in patients meeting large core criteria for SELECT2.MethodsRetrospective review of health system records from 1/1/2024 to 12/31/2024 for patients presenting with computed tomography (CT) Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) 3-5 or CT perfusion (CTP) core infarction ≥50 milliliters.

Impact of perioperative fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel delivery on postoperative survival in locally advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Perioperative fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) is the standard of care for locally advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (LA-OGA) in Western countries. However, completing treatment is challenging for patients, particularly in the postoperative setting. This study investigated the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) administration and treatment completion on survival outcomes in patients receiving FLOT.

Utility of Computed Tomography Imaging in Assessing Soleus Muscle Viability for Flap Coverage.

Background: The use of soleus muscle flaps for traumatic middle-third injuries to the lower leg can have variable viability, as there is no standardized way to evaluate the muscle before flap selection. This case series investigated both the utility and accuracy of computed tomography angiogram (CTA) imaging in determining the viability of the soleus muscle for reconstructive use after traumatic injuries of the lower extremity.

Methods: An international review board-approved retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent lower extremity soleus-based flap reconstruction by a single surgeon from January 2020 to December 2022.

Comparison of single-source cardiac CT and CMR quantified ventricular volumes and function in congenital heart disease.

Background: Cardiac CT (CCT) is important for anatomic evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) prior to pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). However, volumetric and functional criteria for PVR are derived from cardiac MRI (CMR). Systematic differences between CCT and CMR volumes are underexplored in patients with CHD.

Safety of Perioperative Cefazolin in Penicillin-Anaphylactic Patients for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, is the preferred antibiotic for prophylaxis in elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasties (THAs and TKAs). While most of its chemical structure differs from penicillin (PCN), its shared beta-lactam ring has historically raised concerns about cross-reactivity in patients who have with reported PCN allergies. However, studies suggest that patients who report a PCN allergy have a 50% increased odds of surgical site infection, often due to receiving second-line perioperative antibiotics.

Evaluation of Apical Debris Extrusion in Primary Teeth Using Rotary and Hand Files.

Aim: This research used two distinct pediatric rotary files and traditional manual files for evaluation and contrast of the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal cleaning in deciduous teeth.

Materials And Methods: Thirty maxillary deciduous central incisors that showed no symptoms of resorption were removed and enrolled in the study. Three distinct file systems were used in the preparation of the canals: Group 1: Manual K-files (Uniflex NiTi K-Files), Group 2: Kedo SG Blue files (Kedo Dental, Chennai, India), and Group 3: Pro AF baby gold files (Kids-e-Dental, India).

RealMedQA: A pilot biomedical question answering dataset containing realistic clinical questions.

Clinical question answering systems have the potential to provide clinicians with relevant and timely answers to their questions. Nonetheless, despite the advances that have been made, adoption of these systems in clinical settings has been slow. One issue is a lack of question-answering datasets which reflect the real-world needs of health professionals.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor CT-101 flips the switch to fetal hemoglobin expression in sickle cell disease mice.

The most common hemoglobin disorder worldwide is sickle cell disease (SCD) caused by a point mutation in the adult β-globin gene. As a result, hemoglobin S production occurs leading to clinical symptoms including vaso-occlusive pain, organ damage, and a shortened lifespan. Hydroxyurea is the only FDA-approved fetal hemoglobin (HbF) inducer in the United States that ameliorates the clinical severity of SCD.

Mobilizable shuttle vectors with fluorescent markers functional across different species of bacteria.

Unlabelled: Chromophore-containing proteins (CCPs), including fluorescent and non-fluorescent (chromoproteins), have been widely used in microbiological research. However, several roadblocks often limit their use in non-model bacterial species, including efficient transformation, suitable plasmid origins of replication, and optimal promoter choice. Here, we have engineered a set of 32 shuttle plasmids designed to overcome these roadblocks in an effort to streamline this process for future research.

Soft tissue and intraosseous pneumatosis secondary to diabetic foot ulcer: a severe case of emphysematous osteomyelitis.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) is an uncommon but severe form of osteomyelitis that is characterized by gas formation within the bone. This case report highlights a case of particularly severe EO in an amputated foot, with key imaging findings across modalities emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and the importance of early detection. A 68-year-old male with a history of poorly controlled diabetes and a previous left third to fifth toe amputation for a non-healing ulcer presented to the emergency department with an infective picture and poorly controlled blood glucose levels.

Impact of Pre-Extraction Methods on Apple Blossom Microbiome Analysis.

This study examines the effect of pre-extraction methods, namely, sonication, grinding, and lyophilization, and the use of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) blockers on the DNA recovery, diversity, and taxonomic resolution of bacterial and fungal communities in apple blossoms. Sonication was the most successful in recovering bacterial 16S and fungal ITS reads across all the collection points and plots. Lyophilization and grinding led to a significant reduction in fungal read counts, while PNA enhanced the recovery of bacterial 16S reads.

Long-term functional outcomes for elderly patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy.

BackgroundFunctional outcomes in elderly thrombectomy patients have been commonly reported up to 90 days, though long-term neurological status is not as well characterized. We studied 1-year outcomes in patients ≥ 80 years old and identified predictors of functional independence in elderly patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis of anterior circulation thrombectomy patients presenting from November 2016-August 2023 to a large health system.

The role for pancreatic preserving surgery for duodenal (D2) gastrointestinal stromal tumours.

Introduction: A variety of surgical options are available to achieve a complete oncological resection for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). The most common location of such tumours is the second portion (D2) of the duodenum. The key step in assessing the feasibility of localised duodenal resection is the relationship between the GIST and ampulla.

Exercise capacity in moderate aortic stenosis: a cardiopulmonary stress echocardiography study.

Background: Patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS) may experience symptoms and adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with moderate AS exhibited objective evidence of exercise limitation, compared with age and sex matched controls and if so, to determine which echocardiographic parameters predicted exercise ability.

Methods: This was a prospective case control study of patients with moderate AS (peak velocity (Vmax) 3.

Impact of infrapatellar fat pad injury severity on subsequent patellofemoral cartilage degeneration following acute ACL tear.

Objective: The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is important in the homeostasis of the knee joint due to its structural and immune-modulating properties. This study investigates the relationship between IFP injury severity during acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears, and the future development of Patellofemoral Compartment (PFC) chondrosis.

Methods: Adult participants aged 18-45 years old who were known to have first-time ACL tears between 01/01/2009 and 10/1/2022 were included.

Insights into dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy from a new Drosophila model of disease.

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a neurodegenerative disorder that presents with ataxia, dementia and epilepsy. As a member of the polyglutamine family of diseases, DRPLA is caused by abnormal CAG triplet expansion beyond 48 repeats in the protein-coding region of ATROPHIN 1 (ATN1), a transcriptional co-repressor. To better understand DRPLA, we generated new Drosophila lines that can be induced to express full-length, human ATN1 with a normal (Q7) or pathogenic (Q88) repeat in a variety of cells, including neuronal, glial or any other type of tissue.

Youth Inpatient and Residential Treatment Psychiatric Beds: National Trends and Potential Causal Factors, 2010-2022.

Objective: Youth inpatient and residential treatment psychiatric services are essential components of the continuum of care. Concern has grown about the diminished availability of these services and the increasing need for them. This study aimed to examine the number of youths treated at inpatient and residential psychiatric facilities over a 12-year period and to assess the perceptions of state mental health authorities (SMHAs) about the reasons for changes in availability.

Acute Atraumatic Thumb Pain.

Introduction: Painter first described painful periarticular soft-tissue calcium deposits in 1907. Further research has led to a variety of nomenclature, including calcareous tendinitis, pseudopodagra, and rheumatism. This report details the journey of a patient with acute calcific periarthritis (ACP) and explores issues concerning diagnosis, management, and provides possible preventative strategies.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Surgical Approach to the Volar Ulnar Corner of the Distal Radius.

There are many approaches to the wrist both volar and dorsal, depending on the injury at hand. The design of the volar locking plate has created a rise in distal radius fractures being treated using a volar FCR approach and its modifications. It does, however, have limitations in visualization of the volar ulnar corner of the radius.

The Treatment and Monitoring of Osteoporosis using Bone Turnover Markers.

Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease that causes the weakening of bone structure. Since bone structure is dynamic throughout a person's lifespan, bones are under constant growth and destruction in a process known as bone turnover or bone remodeling. Osteoporosis involves the disruption of this growth/destruction equilibrium towards the destructive side.

Systematic Review of COVID-19 and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis in Athletes: Incidence, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Return-to-Play Principles.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the original peer-reviewed studies on athletes who developed myocarditis after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection or after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Both entities likely have an immunologic component. We discuss elite, professional, college, and adolescent athletes.