Cognitive impairment in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: A narrative review focused on ANCA-associated vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and Behçet's disease.

Cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized feature of systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, yet remains underdiagnosed and insufficiently studied beyond systemic lupus erythematosus. In this narrative review, we explore the prevalence, clinical profiles, and pathophysiological mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in five systemic diseases: ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), sarcoidosis, and Behçet's disease (BD). We conducted a structured literature search in PubMed and Embase to identify relevant studies published between 1954 and 2024.

Diaphragmatic Palsy Due to a Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndrome Revealed by Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but may underlie diverse and potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs). They may cause various conditions leading to respiratory failure, including myasthenic syndromes and myositis. However, diaphragmatic paralysis (DP) has rarely been reported.

Comparing the efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide, infliximab and methotrexate in neurosarcoidosis: a multicenter retrospective study.

Introduction: Neurosarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting 10% of patients with sarcoidosis. In lack of standardized guidelines, various therapeutic strategies exist. Beyond corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, infliximab, or methotrexate are available options.

Increased IFN responses drive myeloid cell activation in people living with HIV-1.

People living with HIV and who initiated antiretroviral therapy (PLH) at the chronic stage of the infection are generally exposed to persistent inflammation. We here assessed the impact of the interferon (IFN)/JAK-STAT pathway on myeloid cells from PLH and the potential of a JAK1/2 inhibitor, Baricitinib, to prevent IFN-driven myeloid cell activation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 16 chronically infected and virologically suppressed PLH were compared to 15 healthy uninfected individuals (UI) before and after exposure to type 1 IFN, type 2 IFN, and Baricitinib.

Higher plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor in women than in men during both the acute and chronic phases of HIV infection.

Objectives: Chronic HIV infection is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, presumably due to the impact of chronic inflammation and immune activation on the vascular endothelium. We explored endothelial activation markers in people living with HIV (PWH) chronically under antiretroviral therapy (ART) or with spontaneous viral control.

Design: Studies on 50 samples collected from HIV controllers (HIC), 50 ART-treated participants (ART) (median duration of infection: 8 years) enrolled in cohort studies and 50 uninfected individuals.

Cognitive Impairment in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises rare systemic vasculitides that can present with cognitive dysfunction. However, data on the screening and characterization of cognitive dysfunction in AAV remain limited. Cognitive complaints in AAV patients were screened using self-report questionnaires.

[Neurolymphomatosis].

Neurolymphomatoses (NL) are defined as the direct infiltration of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by lymphomatous or leukaemic cells. The diagnosis of this rare disease is complex, typically relying on peripheral nerve histology, an invasive examination with a risk of sequelae. This diagnostic entity should be considered in the presence of a painful neuropathy, sometimes severe, whether or not associated with immunohaematological abnormalities, and in cases of resistance to first-line immunomodulatory treatments.

Post-COVID major depression is not associated with peripheral inflammation.

Introduction: Although post-COVID major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequent, the physiological mechanisms associated with it remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between 10 residual blood markers of inflammation and the presence of MDD 4 months after the acute phase of COVID-19.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the COMEBAC cohort that followed patients 4 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 at Bicêtre Hospital.

Long-term follow-up of the STOPAGO study.

In an open prospective, multicenter study enrolling 48 selected patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia who achieved complete response for 1 year on thrombopoietin receptor agonists, half of the patients maintained a sustained response off treatment 4 years after treatment discontinuation.

Combined Flow-Fluorescence in situ hybridization to HHV-8 and EBV reveals the viral heterogeneity of primary effusion lymphoma.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) infection. Lymphoma cells are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 60-80% of cases. Tools allowing a reliable PEL diagnosis are lacking.

Four- and sixteen-month clinical status of a cohort of patients following hospitalization for COVID-19.

Background And Objectives: Although many symptoms of post-COVID syndrome have been described, a comprehensive evaluation of their prevalence is lacking. We aimed to describe symptoms at 16 months from hospitalization for COVID-19.

Methods: A telephone assessment was performed one year later in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors hospitalized between March and May 2020 and already evaluated four months after discharge.

Impact of immunosuppressive agents on the management of immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint blockers.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) whose management is based on expert opinion and may require the prescription of steroids and/or immunosuppressants (ISs). Recent data suggest that these treatments can reduce the effectiveness of ICBs.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the use of steroids and/or ISs and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among ICB-treated patients with an irAE.

Heart involvement: A neglected manifestation of haemophagocytic syndrome associated with high mortality.

Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) proceeds from uncontrolled and inefficient immune activation leading to hyper-inflammation and multi-organ damage. sHLH proceeds from a wide panel of infectious, auto immune and malignant conditions and bears high mortality despite treatment. Literature on sHLH does not mention heart involvement.

PET/CT in Inflammatory and Auto-immune Disorders: Focus on Several Key Molecular Concepts, FDG, and Radiolabeled Probe Perspectives.

Chronic immune diseases mainly include autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Managing chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has become a significant public health concern, and therapeutic advancements over the past 50 years have been substantial. As therapeutic tools continue to multiply, the challenge now lies in providing each patient with personalized care tailored to the specifics of their condition, ushering in the era of personalized medicine.

Radiological pulmonary sequelae after COVID-19 and correlation with clinical and functional pulmonary evaluation: results of a prospective cohort.

Objectives: Whether COVID-19 leads to long-term pulmonary sequelae or not remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of persisting radiological pulmonary fibrotic lesions in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center study among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between March and May 2020.

Red Flags for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Associated with Sarcoidosis or Connective Tissue Diseases.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Diagnosis relies on clinical and electrophysiological criteria. Various disorders requiring specific treatment regimens may be associated with CIDP, including sarcoidosis (SAR-CIDP) and connective tissue disease (CTD-CIDP).

Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Disorders in Behçet's Disease: A Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare form of vasculitis involving both veins and arteries of all calibers. Psychological symptoms and cognitive impairment appear to be frequent, but few data are available.

Methods: All consecutive patients in our center fulfilling the 2013 BD criteria underwent a psychometric evaluation with auto- (SCL-90-R and Modified Fatigue Index) and hetero-questionnaires (MINI).

Functional respiratory complaints among COVID-19 survivors: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Dyspnoea is a common persistent symptom after COVID-19. Whether it is associated with functional respiratory disorders remains unclear.

Methods: We assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients with "functional respiratory complaints" (FRCs) (as defined by Nijmegen Questionnaire >22) among 177 post-COVID-19 individuals who benefited from outclinic evaluation in the COMEBAC study (, symptomatic and/or intensive care unit (ICU) survivors at 4 months).

Prolonged response after TPO-RA discontinuation in primary ITP: results of a prospective multicenter study.

Sustained response off treatment (SROT) after thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) discontinuation has been reported in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). This prospective multicenter interventional study enrolled adults with persistent or chronic primary ITP and complete response (CR) on TPO-RAs. The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving SROT (platelet count >30 × 109/L and no bleeding) at week 24 (W24) with no other ITP-specific medications.

Non-AIDS-Defining Events in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controllers Versus Antiretroviral Therapy-Controlled Patients: A Cohort Collaboration From the French National Agency for Research on AIDS CO21 (CODEX) and CO06 (PRIMO) Cohorts.

Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation may persist in spontaneous human immunodeficiency virus controllers (HICs), leading to non-AIDS-defining events (nADEs).

Methods: Two hundred twenty-seven antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HICs (known human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [HIV-1] infection ≥5 years and at least 5 consecutive viral loads [VLs] <400 HIV RNA copies/mL) were compared with 328 patients who initiated ART ≤1 month after primary HIV infection diagnosis and had undetectable VL within 12 months following ART initiation for at least 5 years. Incidence rates of first nADEs were compared between HICs and ART-treated patients.