Peripheral Nerve Decellularisation Protocol for Allogeneic Transplantation: From Tissue Procurement to Banking.

Peripheral nerve injuries affect over one million individuals annually worldwide due to various causes such as trauma, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. While autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard for treating large-gap nerve injuries, its limitations, including limited tissue availability, donor site morbidity, infection risk, and suboptimal functional recovery, have spurred interest in alternative approaches. Among these, allogeneic nerve grafting has emerged as a promising option, offering structural and functional advantages due to the native architecture of donor nerves.

Controversies in NEN: An ENETS position statement on the treatment of patients with Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the gastro-enteropancreatic tract.

Grade 3 neuroendocrine tumours (NET G3) represent approximately 20% of high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms, and the recent identification of this entity has given rise to many unanswered questions relating to clinical management. The prognosis for these patients is worse than for those with Grade 1-2 well-differentiated NET, but better than for those with Grade 3 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. This consensus statement aims to address some uncertainties and explore unmet needs in the management of patients with NET G3.

Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms of lung origin, including typical and atypical carcinoids (ACs). Therapeutic options for this rare disease are limited in daily clinical practice. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are under clinical investigation.

Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in surgically resected lung carcinoids: A 25-year retrospective analysis.

Background: Carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine lung cancers with a prognosis related to stage and grade. Radical and complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment. However, some prognostic factors influencing survival outcomes must be fully understood.

The importance of education and training in neuroendocrine neoplasms: challenges and opportunities for multidisciplinary management.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) exemplify the challenges and opportunities inherent in managing rare cancers. Their rarity, biological heterogeneity, and diagnostic complexity necessitate a highly structured and multidisciplinary approach to patient care. In this context, education and training emerge as central pillars for improving clinical outcomes.

Integrating tissue and liquid biopsy comprehensive genomic profiling to predict efficacy of anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: Findings from the CAPRI-2 GOIM study.

Introduction: We investigated the role of integrating tissue biopsy (TBx)- and liquid biopsy (LBx)-comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to predict the activity of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab.

Methods: The CAPRI-2 GOIM study is a non-randomized phase 2 study evaluating a biomarker-driven anti-EGFR treatment in three lines of therapy in patients with RAS/BRAF wild type metastatic colorectal cancer. At baseline, TBx and LBx were analyzed using the FoundationOne CDx platform.

Impact of Surgical extent on survival in pulmonary typical carcinoids: a retrospective analysis.

While surgical resection of pulmonary typical carcinoid is the primary curative treatment, the optimal extent of resection remains debated, with limited data on survival outcomes and prognostic factors guiding management. This study compared surgical resections of typical carcinoids and evaluated survival and recurrence rates. It also seeks to identify negative prognostic factors to improve the management.

Newly emerging tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Introduction: In the era of precision medicine, a molecularly targeted therapeutical approach is still missing in the field of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) other than for radioligand therapy (RLT). So far sunitinib is the only tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) available in clinical practice for NENs in Western countries, limited to advanced, progressing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). A few TKIs worldwide reached an advanced stage of clinical investigation with promising results.

A Randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact on survival and quality of life of Lutetium[Lu]-edotreotide versus everolimus in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and thymus: the LEVEL study (GETNE T-2217).

Background: Everolimus is the only approved therapy for patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of lung and thymus and new treatment options are urgently needed. Expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is frequently seen in functional imaging in lung-NETs opening the opportunity to treat SSTR2 positive patients with radioligand therapies (RLT). Retrospective data suggest a potential meaningful benefit of RLT directed to SSTR2 in lung-NET patients.

Towards a better registration of neuroendocrine neoplasms: The results of the Italian retrospective population-based study.

Background: The increasing incidence, rapidly evolving classification, rarity and heterogeneity of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) pose challenges to NEN registration including difficulty in distinguishing neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Thus, in Italy a higher NEC incidence was reported. Focusing on gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NEN, we aimed to review GEP NEN, and in particular cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) and estimate the incidence of NEN, NET and NEC of the GEP.

BRAFV600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: Current advances in personalized treatment and future perspectives.

Detection of the BRAF V600E mutation has important genetic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), identifying a subgroup of patients who derive modest benefit from standard treatments and have extremely poor prognosis. The evolution of molecular profiling and the implementation of next generation sequencing in the evaluation of a patient with BRAF-mutated mCRC has currently led to the discovery of actionable alterations. Targeting multiple pathways of resistance in BRAF-mutated mCRC may be the most efficacious route.

The efficacy of streptozotocin in managing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms - A systematic review.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pan-NETs) represent a highly heterogeneous and complex pathology, with therapeutic management and prognosis influenced by several biological and clinical characteristics. Chemotherapy, including regimens based on capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) or the combination of streptozotocin and 5-fluorouracil (STZ-5FU), is indicated for rapidly growing, symptomatic, or high-burden disease requiring swift cytoreduction. Historical studies provide scientific evidence for the STZ-5FU regimen, often retrospective and frequently analyzing small series.

Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Types, and Clinical Outcomes.

: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with unique biological characteristics and complications, including thromboembolism. This systematic review evaluates the incidence, types, and clinical outcomes of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in NEN patients. : A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted to identify studies on TEs in NENs.

Raising the bar: evaluating quality and consistency in clinical guidelines for surgical management of pulmonary carcinoid.

Leading societies have established guidelines that vary significantly regarding recommendations for the surgical management of pulmonary carcinoids (PC). We aimed to assess current guidelines and recommendations for PC surgical management, benchmark their methodological quality, and identify factors that may influence their effectiveness in guiding surgical practice. Literature was sought to identify relevant guidelines for the management of PC.

Investigating the Pathogenicity of Uncommon KRAS Mutations and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) somatic mutations occur in 30% to 40% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). These were thought to equally affect prognosis and resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents; however, recent data show the activity of KRAS-G12C and pan-RAS inhibitors. The effects of uncommon KRAS (uKRAS) variants are largely unexplored.

Surgical and Oncologic Outcomes of Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Single-Center Series Over a 15-Year Period.

Background: The role of prophylactic primary tumor resection (PTR) in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) and unresectable liver metastases is a matter of debate.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate outcomes in patients with SI-NETs who underwent PTR, according to the presence of metastasis and symptoms from primary.

Material And Methods: Data from patients who underwent PTR for SI-NETs from a single referral center (2007-2023) were prospectively collected.

The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms incidence has been increasing, arising the need for precise and early diagnostic tools. Liquid biopsy (LB) offers a less invasive alternative to tissue biopsy, providing real-time molecular information from circulating tumour components in body fluids. The aim of this review is to analyse the current evidence concerning LB in NENs and its role in clinical practice.

Prognostic and Predictive Roles of HER2 Status in Non-Breast and Non-Gastroesophageal Carcinomas.

The oncogene , also known as or , is located on chromosome 17 (q12). It encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), involved in neoplastic proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and invasiveness. Over the past years, the introduction of various anti-HER2 therapies has significantly improved outcomes for patients with HER2-positive breast and gastroesophageal carcinomas.