Micro-costing analysis from Italian Guidelines for the management of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder, primarily caused by single adenomas or multiglandular disease. This study evaluates the economic impact of different PHPT treatment approaches from both the Italian National Health Service and societal perspectives.

Methods: A micro-costing approach was used to estimate the costs of surgical and non-surgical treatments.

Italian guidelines for the management of adult individuals with primary hypothyroidism outside pregnancy.

Aim: The present guideline (GL) is aimed to improve and standardize the treatment of primary hypothyroidism in non-pregnant adults and to offer all the patients the best possible care across the Italian country.

Target Population: Non-pregnant adults with hypothyroidism.

Excluded Population: This GL does not cover the treatment of hypothyroidism in children and adolescents under 18 years of age, in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, nor in subjects with central hypothyroidism.

Prevalence and clinical significance of right ventricular pulmonary arterial uncoupling in cardiac amyloidosis.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and the clinical significance of the right ventricular pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) uncoupling in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).

Methods: The study population consisted in 92 consecutive patients with CA (age 71.1 ± 12.

Infective Endocarditis in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Never Stop Digging-The Role of Multimodality Imaging.

A challenging case of infective endocarditis in a young woman with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is described. Despite the presence of multiple confounding factors, a multidisciplinary approach with the use of multimodality cardiac imaging allowed a correct diagnosis and effective medical treatment. ().

ITA-IMMUNO-PET: The Role of [18F]FDG PET/CT for Assessing Response to Immunotherapy in Patients with Some Solid Tumors.

Aim: To examine the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT for assessing response to immunotherapy in patients with some solid tumors.

Methods: Data recorded in a multicenter ( = 17), retrospective database between March and November 2021 were analyzed. The sample included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a solid tumor who underwent serial [18F]FDG PET/CT (before and after one or more cycles of immunotherapy), who were >18 years of age, and had a follow-up of at least 12 months after their first PET/CT scan.

Pathophysiology, Functional Assessment and Prognostic Implications of Nutritional Disorders in Systemic Amyloidosis.

Gastrointestinal involvement is a common clinical feature of patients with systemic amyloidosis. This condition is responsible for invalidating gastrointestinal symptoms, a significant macro and micronutrient deficit, and is a marker of disease severity. Gastrointestinal involvement should be actively sought in patients with systemic amyloidosis, while its diagnosis is challenging in patients with isolated gastrointestinal symptoms.

Multimodality Imaging in Cardiomyopathies with Hypertrophic Phenotypes.

Multimodality imaging is a comprehensive strategy to investigate left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), providing morphologic, functional, and often clinical information to clinicians. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by an increased LV wall thickness not only explainable by abnormal loading conditions. In the context of HCM, multimodality imaging, by different imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac computer tomography, and cardiac nuclear imaging, provides essential information for diagnosis, sudden cardiac death stratification, and management.

Global Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Efficiency in Heart Failure Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis: Pathophysiological Implications and Role in Differential Diagnosis.

Introduction: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy and a common cause of heart failure with preserved and mid-range ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFmrEF). Left ventricular (LV) systolic assessment is pivotal in differential diagnostic and prognostic stratification in CA. However, nondeformation and deformation-based parameters classically implied had many limitations.

The Role of New Imaging Technologies in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disorder caused by transthyretin or immunoglobulin free light-chain deposition, which determines clinical disease with similar phenotype but different time course, prognosis and therapy. Multimodality imaging is the cornerstone for disease diagnosis and management. Multimodality imaging has revolutionized the approach to the disease favoring its awareness and simplifying its diagnosis, especially in ATTR cardiac amyloidosis.

Differential Diagnosis: Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Oncological Diseases.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a connective disease of the auto-inflammatory/auto-immune type of the retroperitoneum with unknown etiology and pathological mechanism. The manifestations of the pathology can be local or systemic. Amongst the local symptoms, the dull and constant pain in the hips, back or abdomen is the most frequent.

Network Medicine: A Clinical Approach for Precision Medicine and Personalized Therapy in Coronary Heart Disease.

Early identification of coronary atherosclerotic pathogenic mechanisms is useful for predicting the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and future cardiac events. Epigenome changes may clarify a significant fraction of this "missing hereditability", thus offering novel potential biomarkers for prevention and care of CHD. The rapidly growing disciplines of systems biology and network science are now poised to meet the fields of precision medicine and personalized therapy.

Clinical diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a tumour which, despite progress in diagnostic procedures and biomolecular research, has poor prognosis. Symptoms reflect extension of disease and include shortness of breath and chest pain. Unexplained pleural effusion and pleural pain in patients exposed to asbestos should raise the suspicion of MPM.

Association between left ventricular perfusion defects and myocardial deformation indexes in heart transplantation recipients.

The aim of the study was to analyze possible correlations between strain echocardiography (STE) and PET myocardial perfusion in a population of heart transplantation (HTx) recipients showing preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. By STE, LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) was lower in HTx. PET showed no transient or chronic ischemia in 83 of 115 HTx (73%).

Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism: a multidisciplinary approach.

The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequently considered in patients presenting to the emergency department or when hospitalized. Although early treatment is highly effective, PE is underdiagnosed and, therefore, the disease remains a major health problem. Since symptoms and signs are non specific and the consequences of anticoagulant treatment are considerable, objective tests to either establish or refute the diagnosis have become a standard of care.

Assessment of Standardised Uptake Values in PET Imaging Using Different Software Packages.

Background: This study investigated whether the follow-up by means of positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) is reliable when using different software packages for image reviewing.

Methodology: This study explored the influence of software on patient follow up by analysing images acquired by means of PET/CT equipment. Images were analysed using three software packages.

Myocardial perfusion imaging and risk classification for coronary heart disease in diabetic patients. The IDIS study: a prospective, multicentre trial.

Purpose: To determine whether stress-rest myocardial perfusion single-photon emission (MPS) computed tomography improves coronary heart disease (CHD) risk classification in diabetic patients.

Methods: In 822 consecutive diabetic patients, risk estimates for a CHD event were categorized as 0% to <3%, 3% to <5%, and ≥5% per year using Cox proportional hazards models. Model 1 used traditional CHD risk factors and electrocardiography (ECG) stress test data and model 2 used these variables plus MPS imaging data.

Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular dyssynchrony by 3D echo correlate with functional impairment in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background: The aim of the study was to detect if right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction assessed by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) could predict patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with greater functional impairment in response to cardiopulmonary exercise.

Methods And Results: Seventy chronic heart failure patients with DCM (55.5 ± 9.

Preliminary study on the correlation between grading and histology of solitary pulmonary nodules and contrast enhancement and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose standardised uptake value after evaluation by dynamic multiphase CT and PET/CT.

Aim: To evaluate whether the histology and grading of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) correlated with the results of dynamic multiphase multidetector CT (MDCT) and the [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose standardised uptake value (SUV) in 30 patients.

Methods: Chest x-rays of 270 patients with incidentally detected SPNs were retrospectively evaluated. Thirty patients with histologically proven SPNs were enrolled.