ALADDIN: A Machine Learning Approach to Enhance the Prediction of Significant Fibrosis or Higher in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Introduction: The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of resmetirom for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in patients necessitates patient selection for significant fibrosis or higher (≥F2). No existing vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) algorithm targets ≥F2.

Methods: The mAchine Learning ADvanceD fibrosis and rIsk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Novel predictor (ALADDIN) study addressed this gap by introducing a machine-learning-based web calculator that estimates the likelihood of significant fibrosis using routine laboratory parameters with and without VCTE.

Metabolic Dysfunction and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: A Narrative Review.

The term steatotic liver disease (SLD) is now used to describe conditions involving fat accumulation in the liver. SLD term includes a spectrum of defined and less defined disorders: metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and metabolic and ALD (Met-ALD), where both cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and alcohol consumption function in disease development and progression. Met-ALD is defined as liver disease in men with at least 1 cardiometabolic risk factor who also consume 210-420 g of alcohol per week (approximately 30-60 g per day), whereas for women, it is defined as at least 1 cardiometabolic risk factor in addition to consumption of 140-350 g of alcohol per week (approximately 20-50 g per day).

Metaverse technologies in acute care medical education: A scoping review.

Background: The concept of the metaverse is a virtual world that immerses users, allowing them to interact with the digital environment. Due to metaverse's utility in collaborative and immersive simulation, it can be advantageous for medical education in high-stakes care settings such as emergency, critical, and acute care. Consequently, there has been a growth in educational metaverse use, which has yet to be characterized alongside other simulation modalities literature.

Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs) in Adolescents With ADHD and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS): A Pilot Open Trial.

Very few studies have investigated intervention approaches that may be efficacious for youth with ADHD and co-occurring cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring CDS symptoms. Fourteen adolescents ages 13 to 17 years (35.

Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome-Clinical Interview (CDS-CI): Psychometric support for caregiver and youth versions.

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), formerly termed sluggish cognitive tempo, is a set of symptoms characterized by excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and slowed behavior/thinking. CDS is distinct from symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychopathologies and uniquely associated with functional impairment. However, despite significant progress in developing and evaluating rating scale measures of CDS, no clinical interview of CDS exists with established psychometric properties that can facilitate a multimethod approach assessing CDS.

From Slow Shifts to Fast Flips: Unraveling problem-based learning group function dynamics.

Purpose: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) relies on self-directed learning in small groups in the presence of a tutor. While the effectiveness of PBL is often attributed to the dynamics of group function, change in group function over time and factors influencing group function development are less understood. This study aims to explore the development of PBL group function over time to better understand the factors that give rise to high-functioning groups.

An artificial intelligence-generated model predicts 90-day survival in alcohol-associated hepatitis: A global cohort study.

Background And Aims: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) poses significant short-term mortality. Existing prognostic models lack precision for 90-day mortality. Utilizing artificial intelligence in a global cohort, we sought to derive and validate an enhanced prognostic model.

Predictors of executive function trajectories in adolescents with and without ADHD: Links with academic outcomes.

Changes in executive function (EF) occur during adolescence with several factors (e.g., parenting styles, socioeconomic status) influencing the development of EF abilities.

Corrigendum: A Mini-Review of Pharmacological and Psychosocial Interventions for Reducing Irritability Among Youth With ADHD.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.

A Mini-Review of Pharmacological and Psychosocial Interventions for Reducing Irritability Among Youth With ADHD.

Approximately a third of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant irritability; despite this, no study has reviewed whether interventions for youth with ADHD can improve irritability. This mini review sought to address this gap in the literature by discussing existing pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for irritability among children and adolescents with ADHD. A literature search was conducted in April 2021, with a total of 12 intervention articles identified (six pharmacological, one psychosocial, five combined).

Practical considerations for quantitative clinical SPECT/CT imaging of alpha particle emitting radioisotopes.

Alpha particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals are generating considerable interest for the treatment of disseminated metastatic disease. Molecular imaging of the distribution of these agents is critical to safely and effectively maximize the clinical potential of this emerging drug class. The present studies aim to investigate the feasibility and limitations of quantitative SPECT for Ra, Ac and Th.

COVID-19 Resulted in Lower Grades for Male High School Students and Students With ADHD.

Objective: Researchers have speculated that the COVID-19 pandemic may expand the academic performance gap experienced by at-risk students. We examined learning experiences during the 2020 to 2021 school year and the impact the pandemic has had on high school student grade point average (GPA), including predictors of change in GPA from 2019-2020 to 2020-2021.

Method: Participants were 238 adolescents (55.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the gray reef shark, (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae).

We report the first mitochondrial genome sequences for the gray reef shark, . Two specimens from the British Indian Ocean Territory were sequenced independently using two different next generation sequencing methods, namely short read sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq and long read sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION sequencer. The two sequences are 99.

Simple Simulation Model for Exploring the Effects of Solvent and Structure on Asphaltene Aggregation.

Asphaltenes are operationally defined as the fraction of crude oil that is soluble in toluene but insoluble in -heptane. According to the Yen-Mullins model, typical asphaltenes are relatively small molecules consisting of a single aromatic core flanked by aliphatic chains. The Yen-Mullins model posits that asphaltene aggregation proceeds via a hierarchical mechanism involving small nanoaggregates with stacked aromatic cores surrounded by a corona of aliphatic tails.

BOCS: Bottom-up Open-source Coarse-graining Software.

We present the BOCS toolkit as a suite of open source software tools for parametrizing bottom-up coarse-grained (CG) models to accurately reproduce structural and thermodynamic properties of high-resolution models. The BOCS toolkit complements available software packages by providing robust implementations of both the multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) force-matching method and also the generalized-Yvon-Born-Green (g-YBG) method. The g-YBG method allows one to analyze and to calculate MS-CG potentials in terms of structural correlations.

Behavior and season affect crayfish detection and density inference using environmental DNA.

Although the presence/absence of aquatic invertebrates using environmental DNA (eDNA) has been established for several species, inferring population densities has remained problematic. The invasive American signal crayfish, (Dana), is the leading cause of decline in the UK's only native crayfish species, (Lereboullet). Methods to detect species at low abundances offer the opportunity for the early detection, and potential eradication, of before population densities reach threatening levels in areas occupied by .

Van der Waals Perspective on Coarse-Graining: Progress toward Solving Representability and Transferability Problems.

Low-resolution coarse-grained (CG) models provide the necessary efficiency for simulating phenomena that are inaccessible to more detailed models. However, in order to realize their considerable promise, CG models must accurately describe the relevant physical forces and provide useful predictions. By formally integrating out the unnecessary details from an all-atom (AA) model, "bottom-up" approaches can, at least in principle, quantitatively reproduce the structural and thermodynamic properties of the AA model that are observable at the CG resolution.

The origin of efficient triplet state population in sulfur-substituted nucleobases.

Elucidating the photophysical mechanisms in sulfur-substituted nucleobases (thiobases) is essential for designing prospective drugs for photo- and chemotherapeutic applications. Although it has long been established that the phototherapeutic activity of thiobases is intimately linked to efficient intersystem crossing into reactive triplet states, the molecular factors underlying this efficiency are poorly understood. Herein we combine femtosecond transient absorption experiments with quantum chemistry and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to investigate 2-thiocytosine as a necessary step to unravel the electronic and structural elements that lead to ultrafast and near-unity triplet-state population in thiobases in general.

Bottom-up coarse-grained models with predictive accuracy and transferability for both structural and thermodynamic properties of heptane-toluene mixtures.

This work investigates the promise of a "bottom-up" extended ensemble framework for developing coarse-grained (CG) models that provide predictive accuracy and transferability for describing both structural and thermodynamic properties. We employ a force-matching variational principle to determine system-independent, i.e.

Bottom-up coarse-grained models that accurately describe the structure, pressure, and compressibility of molecular liquids.

The present work investigates the capability of bottom-up coarse-graining (CG) methods for accurately modeling both structural and thermodynamic properties of all-atom (AA) models for molecular liquids. In particular, we consider 1, 2, and 3-site CG models for heptane, as well as 1 and 3-site CG models for toluene. For each model, we employ the multiscale coarse-graining method to determine interaction potentials that optimally approximate the configuration dependence of the many-body potential of mean force (PMF).

Observation of size-dependent thermalization in CdSe nanocrystals using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy.

We report heat dissipation times in semiconductor nanocrystals of CdSe. Specifically, a previously unresolved, subnanosecond decay component in the low-temperature photoluminescence decay dynamics exhibits longer decay lifetimes (tens to hundreds of picoseconds) for larger nanocrystals as well as a size-independent, ~25-meV spectral shift. We attribute the fast relaxation to transient phonon-mediated relaxation arising from nonequilibrium acoustic phonons.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of cardiomyopathy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and 2I.

Background: Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are inclusive of 7 autosomal dominant and 14 autosomal recessive disorders featuring progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Studies of cardiac function have not yet been well-defined in deficiencies of dysferlin (LGMD2B) and fukutin related protein (LGMD2I). In this study of patients with these two forms of limb girdle muscular dystrophy, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was used to more specifically define markers of cardiomyopathy including systolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction.