Toxoplasmic ventriculitis with obstructive hydrocephalus in patient with AIDS: Case report with review of literature.

Toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Cerebral toxoplasmosis can be the initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a case diagnosed at autopsy as the primary presentation of an undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient.

Effect of Add-on Yoga in People with Multiple Sclerosis of Indian and German Cohort: A Cross-Cultural Retrospective Study.

Background: Yoga practices have shown benefits in people with multiple sclerosis, improving their memory, fatigue, bladder symptoms, perception, stress, mood, and quality of life.

Objective: This study investigates the effects of add-on yoga in people with recurrent remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Materials And Methods: This is a single group, pre-post retrospective study, involving 92 participants with RRMS in remission and residual symptoms, undergoing neurorehabilitation at Kuratorium Wohnen Alter (KWA) in Germany (n = 32) and SVYASA University in India (n = 60).

Unmasking bipolarity in recurrent depressive disorder following herpes simplex virus triggered n-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis.

Objective: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection triggered n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) encephalitis can lead to varied neuropsychiatric manifestations, including movement disorders and manic symptoms. HSV is known to affect the same brain regions as in secondary mania.

Method: We present a 35-year-old female diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) who developed NMDA encephalitis triggered by HSV infection.

Clinical Spectrum, Radiological Correlation and Outcome of Movement Disorders in Wilson's Disease.

Introduction: Movement disorders are the commonest clinical presentation in patients with neurological Wilson's disease (NWD). There are very few studies evaluating the spectrum, severity and their correlation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes of movement disorders in NWD.

Objective: To study the spectrum, topographic distribution, radiological correlate, temporal course and outcome in our cohort of NWD patients.

Spectrum and Pattern of Movement Disorders in Patients with Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neuro degenerative disease that is mainly characterized by rapidly progressive dementia along with a varying combination of myoclonus, visual, cerebellar, pyramidal/extrapyramidal and akinetic mutism. Several movement disorders phenomenologies can occurs either at onset, as presenting symptom or during the course of illness. Present study aims to characterize the clinical, radiological features and the outcome of patients with CJD with movement disorders as the forthcoming manifestation.

Clinical, imaging and genetic profile of twenty-four patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)- A single centre study from India.

Introduction: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is the most common "Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation" disorder. This study aimed to study the clinical, radiological and genetic profiling of a large cohort of patients with PKAN.

Methods: This is an ambispective hospital-based single centre study conducted at a tertiary care centre from India.

Trends of CNS Cryptococcosis during Pre- and Post-HIV era: A 38 years' retrospective cohort analysis from south India.

Objective: Central nervous system cryptococcosis (CNSc) is an AIDS defining opportunistic infection. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the changing epidemiology of CNSc cases from the period of pre- to post-emergence of HIV epidemic in south India.

Methods: Confirmed cases of CNSc from 1978 to 2015 were analyzed for demographic and clinical details with special reference to the cases diagnosed in south India during the period 1952-1977.

Comparison of 3D Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) versus 3D Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) in precise diagnosis of acute optic neuritis.

Background: The small size, intraorbital fat, perioptic CSF sheath and air-bone interface pose challenges to optic nerve imaging in cases of acute optic neuritis. The study is intended to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 3-dimensional Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (3D FLAIR) and 3-dimensional Double Inversion Recovery (3D DIR) in cases of acute optic neuritis (AON).

Methods: Cases of AON with visual evoked potentials (VEP) abnormality were recruited and compared with controls.

Disseminated Cysticercosis in Indian Scenario - Experience from a Teaching University Hospital.

Background And Objectives: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) due to Taenia Solium is a major public health problem. Our objective was to study patients with disseminated cysticercosis (DCC) who had NCC in the brain along with an additional site in the body and assess their clinical, radiological profile, and response to therapy.

Materials And Methods: A chart review of DCC with a high lesion load of NCC ≥20 (DNCC) in the brain was performed.

GeneXpert: A Rapid and Supplementary Diagnostic Tool for Tuberculous Meningitis, Experience from Tertiary Neurocenter.

 Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a highly lethal form of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) that causes high mortality and morbidity in children and adults. Nonspecific clinical presentation and fewer TB bacilli challenge clinicians resulting in delays in diagnosis and treatment.  This study aimed to evaluate the utility of GeneXpert alone and in combination with culture using 1 mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a volume constraint situation.

Utility of Clinical Exome Sequencing in Dystonia: A Single-Center Study From India.

Objective: With the use of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice, several genetic etiologies of dystonia have been identified. This study aimed to ascertain the utility of clinical exome sequencing (CES) in dystonia and factors suggestive of a genetic etiology.

Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with dystonia who had undergone CES for the evaluation of dystonia.

A splice altering variant in NDRG1 gene causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4D.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4D (CMT4D) is a progressive, autosomal recessive form of CMT, characterized by distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, severe motor sensory neuropathy, and sensorineural hearing impairment. Mutations in NDRG1 gene cause neuropathy in humans, dogs, and rodents. Here, we describe clinical and genetic features of a 17-year-old male with wasting of hand muscle and foot and severe motor neuropathy.

Long-term Cognitive Outcomes in Tuberculous Meningitis.

Objective: Data on cognitive changes in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are sparse. We aimed to study the cognitive profiles of patients with grade I TBM and correlate them with the cytokine values.

Methods: Prospectively, 60 patients (M:F-31:29) with grade I TBM were recruited.

The Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Cases with Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.

Background: Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) can be a central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) based on the regions involved even though they share the same disease process, aetiopathogenesis and time course.

Objectives: Present study aims to characterize the clinical, radiological features and the outcome of patients with ODS with movement disorders as the forthcoming manifestation.

Methods: Chart review of patients with ODS with movement disorders.

Clinical and Imaging Profile of Patients with Palatal Tremor.

Background: Palatal tremor (PT) is an uncommon movement disorder that may be classified into symptomatic (SPT) or essential (EPT). The etiology of SPT is varied, with involvement of the Guillain-Mollaret triangle (GMT) and inferior olivary hypertrophy. EPT is associated with ear clicks and normal imaging and may have a functional basis.

Cribriform Appearance of White Matter in Canavan Disease Associated with Novel Mutations of Gene.

Cribriform appearance of the brain in Canavan disease is a rare finding. The two presented cases broaden the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotype wherein numerous oval, cystic structures, a few resembling dilated (VR) spaces, were noted in the centrum semiovale, periventricular, and lobar white matter producing a cribriform pattern. Besides, discrete round to oval cysts were present at the gray-white matter junctions in the second case, which were larger and appeared morphologically distinct from the VR spaces.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disorder: a new inflammatory CNS demyelinating disorder.

Background And Aims: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is an oligodendrocytopathy resulting in demyelination. We aimed to determine the frequency of MOG-associated disorders (MOGAD), its various clinical phenotypes, and imaging characteristics.

Methods: All patients with MOGAD were included.

Pediatric Functional Movement Disorders: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre.

Objectives: Functional movement disorders (FMDs) pose significant diagnostic and management challenges. We aimed to study the socioeconomic and cultural factors, underlying psychopathology and the phenomenology of FMDs in children.

Methods: The study is a retrospective chart review of 39 children (16 girls and 23 boys) who attended our neurology OPD and the movement disorders clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) between January 2011 and May 2020.

Neurobrucellosis: A neglected entity? An update from tertiary care Neurocentre of South East Asia.

Neurobrucellosis is the most serious complication of brucellosis with neither a typical clinical manifestations nor a specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) picture and mimics other neurological disorders leading to diagnostic dilemma. The prevalence of Neurobrucellosis ranges from 1.7 to 10% of brucellosis worldwide.

Clinical insights and epidemiology of central nervous system infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complexes: A prospective study from South India.

In the last two decades, central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis (CNSc) has emerged as a major opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised population of India. We have analyzed the clinical features of CNSc and epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. A total of 160 clinical isolates of C.

Posttraumatic movement disorders: A clinical and imaging profile of 30 patients.

Background: Posttraumatic movement disorders (PTMDs) are frequently associated with severe head injury. There are very few studies on the clinical phenomenology and radiological correlation of PTMD.

Aims: To study the clinical phenomenology of patients with PTMD and correlate it with the site of lesion on brain imaging.