Incidence, screening, and management of malignancies in liver transplant patients: A review.

Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, and liver cancer. Although advancements in surgical techniques, postoperative care, and immunosuppressive therapies have significantly improved outcomes, the long-term use of immunosuppression has increased the risk of complications, including infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Among these, malignancies (DNMs) are a major concern, accounting for 20%-25% of deaths in LT recipients surviving beyond the early post-transplant period.

Dynamic Lactate Clearance Patterns During Normothermic Machine Perfusion Predict Posttransplant Biliary Complications in Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation.

Background: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) enables real-time assessment of liver graft viability through various biomarkers. Although lactate clearance during NMP has been associated with graft outcomes, its dynamic patterns and relationship with posttransplant biliary complications (PTBCs) remain poorly understood. We sought to evaluate whether dynamic lactate clearance patterns during NMP could predict PTBCs in both donations after circulatory death (DCD) and brain death (DBD) liver transplantation (LT).

Aprepitant: Review on Solubility Enhancement.

Introduction: Substance P and its neurokinin (NK-1) receptors are upregulated in different pathophysiological conditions. Overexpression of the NK-1 receptor in cancer conditions has provided a promising pathway for cancer treatment. Clinically, Aprepitant (APT) is used as the only NK-1 antagonist in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Is [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Redefining Value in mCRPC Care? A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Economic Endpoints.

Background: Radioligand therapy with [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 represents an emerging treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Its clinical positioning relative to standard therapies remains under discussion.

Objective: To compare overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), PSA response, and treatment burden across randomised trials evaluating [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARTA), Cabazitaxel, or standard of care (SOC).

Assessing COVID-19 seroprevalence and vaccine uptake among women of reproductive-age in Zanzibar's archipelago.

Recent events in public health globally have created a need for response by public health researchers in all disciplines to evaluate impact on health, morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic that has engulfed the world after 100 years of previous influenza pandemic. Most of the immediate responses, globally; have focused on diagnosis and management of severe cases. However, for evolution of policies dealing with population health in the post COVID-19 era, community-based data for rates of morbidity, risk factors of illness and severity and outcomes of influenza like illness in Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) is needed to inform evidence-based policy.

Tracheal atresia with associated congenital abnormalities: Two rare cases with multispecialty team work and challenging diagnosis, review of literature.

Tracheal atresia (TA) is a rare condition and is accompanied by various congenital abnormalities. In our study of two cases, the patient's condition led to challenging resuscitation efforts after birth, ultimately resulting in an unfortunate outcome. Despite collaborative interventions by multiple medical teams, neither of the baby in both cases could be saved.

Impact of portal vein thrombosis grade and donor characteristics on biliary complications after liver transplantation: A risk stratification framework.

Background: Portal vein thrombosis in liver transplant recipients presents a significant challenge, with potential implications for posttransplant biliary complications. This study investigated the relationship between portal vein thrombosis and posttransplant biliary complications, aiming to identify risk factors and establish a stratification framework.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 914 adult liver transplant recipients from 2016 to 2023.

Insights into gastrointestinal manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus: A narrative review.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modifies CD4-positive cells, resulting in immunodeficiency and a wide range of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. The burden of HIV-related GI illnesses has significantly evolved with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). While ART has effectively reduced the occurrence of opportunistic infections, it has led to an increase in therapy-related GI illnesses.

Pretransplant Midodrine Use-A Risk Factor for Graft Loss at 1 Year in Kidney Transplant Recipients?

Introduction: Hypotension is a frequent complication of patients who are on chronic maintenance hemodialysis. Midodrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used to treat patients on hemodialysis who have chronic hypotensiom. The aim of our study was to evaluate if patients who required midodrine for hypotension had inferior outcomes compared to those who did not require midodrine.

Kidney Allograft Torsion After Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Kidney allograft torsion (KAT) is a rare but critical complication of kidney transplantation that can lead to graft loss due to acute ischemia. This report presents a case of KAT resulting in graft loss 9 months following intraperitoneal simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant and reviews previous reports to identify potential high-risk features. A 38-year-old female with end-stage renal disease secondary to Type 1 diabetes mellitus underwent an intraperitoneal enteric drained SPK transplant.

Does Weekend Discharge Affect Readmission and Survival in Liver Transplant Patients? Insights From a Cohort Study.

Background: Weekend hospital discharges are often associated with reduced staffing, potentially impacting the quality of patient care. We studied the effects of weekend discharge after liver transplantation (LT) on early readmission rates, overall survival (OS), and graft survival (GS).

Method: We analyzed data from the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center database (January 2016 to December 2023).

Disparities, Inequities, and Injustices in Populations With Pain: Nursing Recommendations Supporting ASPMN's 2024 Position Statement.

The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) upholds the principle that all persons with pain have equal rights to evidence-based, high quality pain assessment, management, and treatment. This practice recommendation's goals are to 1) summarize known pain-related disparities, inequities, and injustices among commonly marginalized and at risk groups, 2) offer recommendations to ascertain that just and equitable pain care is provided to all people, and 3) outline a call to action for all nurses to embrace diversity, equity, inclusion, and a sense of belonging in order to mitigate pain-related disparities, inequities, and injustices within clinical environments and the nursing profession. This paper provides background and rationale for the 2024 ASPMN position statement on disparities, inequities and injustices in people with pain.

Deep learning methods for 3D magnetic resonance image denoising, bias field and motion artifact correction: a comprehensive review.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed structural information of the internal body organs and soft tissue regions of a patient in clinical diagnosis for disease detection, localization, and progress monitoring. MRI scanner hardware manufacturers incorporate various post-acquisition image-processing techniques into the scanner's computer software tools for different post-processing tasks. These tools provide a final image of adequate quality and essential features for accurate clinical reporting and predictive interpretation for better treatment planning.

"A Unique Case of Branchio-Oto-Renal Spectrum Disorder".

A 17 year old male patient presented with bilateral preauricular sinus, right sided second branchial cleft sinus and bilateral hearing deficit. He has previous history of right congenital cataract surgery and right dacryocystorhinostomy at the age of 8 year. He was operated for branchial sinus.

Disparities, Inequities, and Injustices in Populations With Pain: An ASPMN Position Statement.

Disparities, inequities, and injustices in populations with pain are historically pervasive and lead to deleterious patient outcomes and perpetuate systemic barriers to achieving equitable pain management. The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) upholds the principle that all persons with pain have equal rights to evidence-based, high quality pain assessment, management, and treatment. Intervening at multilevels (i.

Circulating DNA in Rectal Cancer to Unravel the Prognostic Potential for Radiation Oncologist: A Meta-analysis.

Objectives: Liquid biopsy, with its noninvasive nature and ability to detect tumor-specific genetic alterations, emerges as an ideal biomarker for monitoring recurrences for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Completed studies have small sample sizes and different experimental methods. To consolidate and assess the collective evidence regarding the prognostic role of circulating DNA (ctDNA) detection in LARC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Real-world experience in treatment of donor-derived Hepatitis C virus in kidney transplant recipients with delayed initiation, shortened course glecaprevir/pibrentasvir versus standard of care.

Background: There is limited literature describing the real-world practice of delayed initiation and shortened duration direct-acting antiviral (DAA) in kidney transplant recipients. We compared Hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure rates among kidney transplant recipients who received an HCV nucleic acid test positive (NAT +) kidney and were treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) for 12 weeks or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) for 8 weeks, a duration that is 4 weeks shorter than the guideline recommendation for treatment delay beyond 1-week post-transplant.

Methods: Retrospective study of HCV-negative adult patients who received a kidney transplant from an HCV NAT+ donor between April 2019 and April 2022 treated with either SOF/VEL for 12 weeks or G/P for 8 weeks.

Isolated tuberculosis of the patella mimicking as prepatellar bursitis.

Patellar tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation of musculoskeletal tuberculosis, accounting for a small proportion of cases. This case report presents a detailed analysis of a female patient in her early 30s who presented with isolated TB of the patella without concurrent pulmonary involvement. The patient received antitubercular chemotherapy, consisting of a 4-month intensive phase followed by an 8-month continuation phase.

Outcomes of Liver Transplantation From Hepatitis C Virus-positive DCD Donors and Its Utilization Among Centers in the United States.

Background: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) or hepatitis C virus (HCV + ) liver grafts are underused among transplant centers in the United States. The study aimed to evaluate organ utilization and outcomes of liver grafts from DCD donors with HCV infection.

Methods: National registry and local center data of all deceased donor liver transplants performed between November 2016 and December 2021 were analyzed.

Treatment options in first-line metastatic renal carcinoma: A meta-analysis of 2556 patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors-based combinations in randomised controlled trials.

Background & Aims: The average five-year survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is 71%. However, there is significant variability in patient prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been introduced into the treatment landscape of mRCC.

Precision mapping and expression analysis of recessive bacterial blight resistance gene xa-45(t) from Oryza glaberrima.

Background: Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases of rice leading to huge yield losses in Southeast Asia. The recessive resistance gene xa-45(t) from Oryza glaberrima IRGC102600B, mapped on rice chromosome 8, spans 80 Kb with 9 candidate genes on Nipponbare reference genome IRGSP-1.