Comparing the Comprehensibility of Personality Measures Used to Measure New Diagnostic Approaches to Personality Disorders.

In the fifth edition of the (), an Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) was proposed that considers the severity of impairment in personality functioning (Criterion A) and elevations in five pathological personality traits (Criterion B) as the primary diagnostic criteria. The present study examined whether self-report measures of personality impairment are longer, more complex, difficult, and require more introspection than items from measures of pathological personality traits. Participants from two undergraduate university research pools ( = 460) completed two measures of personality impairment and one measure of pathological personality traits.

Pathological Personality Traits and Self-Reported Managerial Leadership: A Comparison of the Dirty Dozen and Five-Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure.

This study ( = 427) examined the predictive and incremental validity of two Dark Triad (DT) measures-the Dirty Dozen (DD) and the Five-Factor Model Antagonistic Triad Measure (FFM ATM)-in relation to self-reported managerial leadership. Prior research shows that unidimensional DT measures like the DD may obscure nuanced trait-outcome relations. In contrast, the FFM ATM disaggregates DT traits into both core personality components (Antagonism, Emotional Stability, Impulsivity, Agency) and traditional DT subscales (e.

Elemental psychopathy assessment's nomological net: A meta-analytic review.

Psychopathy is a longstanding construct of great clinical interest, marked by traits such as Callousness, manipulativeness, and impulsivity. The Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA; Lynam et al., 2011) was developed to anchor the measurement of psychopathy within the five-factor model of personality.

Comparison of self-report data validity in undergraduate samples using remote versus in-person administration methods.

In the internet age, recruitment, participation, and compensation for survey research can occur remotely, away from a laboratory setting. Although this method of data collection offers notable benefits such as access to more diverse samples and lower study costs, it is possible that rates of inattentive or otherwise invalid response patterns are more common when survey completion occurs without any oversight. To answer this question, undergraduate student participants (final = 678; 65% women, 76% White/European American) were randomly assigned to complete a battery of self-report surveys either in a typical laboratory administration setting (in person) or remotely from the location of their choosing.

Questionable research practices violate the American Psychological Association's Code of Ethics.

In this viewpoint article, the authors assert that psychology is in the midst of a "replication crisis" due to factors such as low power, p-hacking, publication bias, and hypothesizing after the results are known (HARKing). Individually, these practices have been decried for decades, but only in the last 15 years has the corrosive effect of these practices been fully appreciated. The authors contend that these practices are more than "questionable" and constitute unethical research practices according to the American Psychological Association's (2017) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct.

Structural brain correlates of externalizing traits and symptoms in the IMAGEN sample.

The evidence supporting the presence of individual brain structure correlates of the externalizing spectrum (EXT) is sparse and mixed. To date, large-sample studies of brain-EXT relations have mainly found null to very small effects by focusing exclusively on either EXT-related personality traits (e.g.

Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Daily Life: An Exploratory Experience-Sampling Method Study.

Trait aggression is often separated into two functional dimensions: reactive and proactive tendencies. Reactive aggression is the tendency to engage in emotionally driven aggressive responses to perceived provocation, whereas proactive aggression is the tendency to engage in premeditated aggressive behaviors in the service of goal attainment. To date, the majority of empirical investigations examining these interrelated constructs have done so using cross-sectional data that have important limitations (e.

Examining the Structure of Personality Dysfunction Among Individuals Involved in Mental Health treatment: A Registered Report.

Personality dysfunction is a core element of the diagnosis of personality disorders in both main diagnostic systems ( [5th ed.] Personality Disorders and [, 11th Revision] Personality Disorders). A recent study by Sleep et al.

Rapid Effects of MDMA Administration on Self-Reported Personality Traits and Affect State: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults.

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) assisted therapy has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for PTSD and emerging research suggests a change in personality traits may be a factor in treatment response. Most prior research on MDMA and personality has focused on cross-sectional comparisons of MDMA users and non-users; as such, well-controlled research assessing personality and affective states following MDMA vs placebo administration is needed. In the current pre-registered study, we investigated the impact of MDMA administration on five-factor model (FFM) traits and affective states before and 48 h after drug administration in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of healthy adults ( = 34).

On the Use and Misuses of Preregistration: A Reply to Klonsky (2024).

In his commentary, Klonsky outlines several arguments for why preregistration mandates (PRMs) will have a negative impact on the field. Klonsky's overarching concern is that when preregistration ceases to be a tool for research and becomes an indicator of quality itself (a primary example being preregistration badges), it loses its intended benefits. Separate from his concerns surrounding policies such as preregistration badges, Klonsky also critiques the practice of preregistration itself, arguing that it can impede our use of other valuable research tools (e.

Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Derived From Basic Research on Fear Extinction.

This brief review article will describe treatment approaches for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on findings from basic research. The focus of this review will be fear conditioning and extinction models, which provide a translational model of PTSD that can help translate basic research in nonhuman animals through well-controlled trials confirming the efficacy of treatment approaches in humans with PTSD such as prolonged exposure therapy. Specific cognitive aspects of fear extinction processes, including consolidation and reconsolidation, are reviewed along with behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategies based on basic research in these areas including attempts to prevent the development of PTSD as well as the treatment of chronic PTSD.

Examining the structure of personality dysfunction.

Personality impairment is a core feature of personality disorders in both current (i.e., , fifth edition [] personality disorders, International ,11th revision personality disorders) and emerging (i.

A comprehensive item-level examination of Conscientiousness' underlying structure across three large samples.

Objective: The present study examined the hierarchical structure of Conscientiousness across three large samples using item-level analyses.

Background: Conscientiousness is among the strongest predictors of individual differences in major life outcomes. Yet decades of work understanding the optimal lower-order structure of Conscientiousness has not rectified the differences that remain among existing models and measures.

Feasibility and limitations of cultured skin fibroblasts for germline genetic testing in hematologic disorders.

To avoid acquired variants found in the blood, cultured skin fibroblasts are a recommended DNA source for germline genetic testing in patients with hematologic disorders, but data are lacking regarding practicality and limitations. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 350 subjects with hematologic disorders who underwent skin fibroblast culture for germline genetic testing. We analyzed next-generation sequencing data from the targeted capture of 144 inherited cancer and bonemarrow failure genes to identify variants at heterozygous and subclonal variant allele frequencies.

Prediabetes Induced by a Single Autoimmune B Cell Clone.

While B cells play a significant role in the onset of type-1 diabetes (T1D), little is know about their role in those early stages. Thus, to gain new insights into the role of B cells in T1D, we converted a physiological early pancreas-infiltrating B cell into a novel BCR mouse model using Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). Strikingly, SCNT-derived B1411 model displayed neither developmental block nor anergy.

The Janus face of Darwinian competition.

Without competition, organisms would not evolve any meaningful physical or cognitive abilities. Competition can thus be understood as the driving force behind Darwinian evolution. But does this imply that more competitive environments necessarily evolve organisms with more sophisticated cognitive abilities than do less competitive environments? Or is there a tipping point at which competition does more harm than good? We examine the evolution of decision strategies among virtual agents performing a repetitive sampling task in three distinct environments.

Rivals in the dark: how competition influences search in decisions under uncertainty.

In choices between uncertain options, information search can increase the chances of distinguishing good from bad options. However, many choices are made in the presence of other choosers who may seize the better option while one is still engaged in search. How long do (and should) people search before choosing between uncertain options in the presence of such competition? To address this question, we introduce a new experimental paradigm called the competitive sampling game.

The deliberation-without-attention effect: evidence for an artifactual interpretation.

Proponents of unconscious-thought theory assert that letting the unconscious "mull it over" can enhance decisions. In a series of recent studies, researchers demonstrated that participants whose attention was focused on solving a complex problem (i.e.