Incretin Receptor Agonism, Fat-free Mass, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Narrative Review.

Context: Individuals with obesity often exhibit low muscle quality and are at risk of reduced muscle mass and diminished cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist (GLP-1/GIPRA) promote significant loss in adipose tissue but are also associated with notable reductions in fat-free mass (FFM). It is not yet understood how these drugs affect CRF which is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Perioperative exercise and post-operative mortality in patients undergoing oncologic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the potential impact of perioperative exercise on survival and post-operative mortality in oncologic patients undergoing surgical resection.

Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials administering perioperative exercise in oncologic patients undergoing surgical resection published between 2000 and 2024 was performed. Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched, and outcomes of interest included recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, overall survival, or post-operative mortality.

The interrelationship among exercise intensity, endothelial function, and ghrelin in healthy humans.

Ghrelin circulates in acylated (AG) and deacylated (DAG) isoforms and both may impact endothelial function (EF). Although acute exercise has been shown to modulate ghrelin levels and EF, data on the impact of exercise intensity on these parameters are scarce. To investigate the effect of exercise intensity and sex on EF and ghrelin levels, nine males (age: 43.

Exercise Intolerance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: To analyze the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on cardiorespiratory fitness.

Methods: A multilevel model using restricted maximum likelihood method was used to analyze pooled data. Inclusion criteria included adults aged >18 years, one group of individuals needed to have been diagnosed with T2D, the control group must not have had insulin resistance, the study must report peak oxygen uptake, there was no exercise training before tests of functional capacity, and subjects may not have had overt cardiovascular disease, cancer, transplant surgery, or bariatric surgery.

A patient choice-driven lifestyle intervention lowers HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: A feasibility study.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disorder in which only 25% of patients meet management targets. While the primary care setting is positioned to provide lifestyle management education, studies are lacking which integrate behavior interventions in this setting utilizing clinic staff. Thus, we evaluated a 90-day lifestyle intervention for management of glycemia at a family practice clinic administered by clinic medical assistants.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to assess the joint relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and Body Mass Index (BMI) on both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risk.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Pooled HR and 95% CI were calculated using a three-level restricted maximum likelihood estimation random-effects model with robust variance estimation.

The Impact of Exercise Intensity and Sex on Endogenous Ghrelin Levels and Appetite in Healthy Humans.

Context: Ghrelin circulates in acylated (AG) and deacylated (DAG) forms, which are known to affect appetite. Although acute exercise has been shown to modulate ghrelin levels, data on the impact of exercise intensity on AG and DAG levels and their effects on appetite are sparse and primarily limited to males.

Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise intensity and sex on ghrelin levels and appetite in untrained humans.