Periodontal disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross link between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics, caspase-3 levels, diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Background: Periodontitis can lead to the development of atherosclerotic heart disease.

Aim: To assess the relation between periodontal disease and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics, caspase-3 and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 participants with T1DM (15.

SKIN-PEDIC: A Worldwide Assessment of Skin Problems in Children and Adolescents Using Diabetes Devices.

Introduction: Children and adolescents with diabetes are increasingly using technological devices to maintain normoglycemia. However, skin problems associated with these devices are becoming a significant issue. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of skin issues in children and adolescents with diabetes globally and identify important factors associated with these skin problems.

Time in tight glucose range in adolescents and young adults with diabetes during Ramadan intermittent fasting: Data from real-world users on different treatment strategies.

Background: Time in tight range (TITR) is a novel glycemic metric assessing normoglycemia in individuals with diabetes.

Aim: To assess the attainability of the TITR (70-140 mg/dL) target in youth with diabetes using different treatment strategies during Ramadan fasting.

Methods: This prospective study included 276 non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 426 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who were categorized into: multiple daily injections [MDI] + intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM), sensor augmented pump (SAP) and advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL).

Diabetes self-management smartphone application: Could it be an alternative for continuous glucose monitoring in low resource settings?

Background: The "Rightest" app connected to Rightest glucose meter via Bluetooth, helps to set blood glucose target and customize measurements. The app is provided with ketone alert when BG is ≥ 240 mg/dl.

Aim Of The Work: To assess the role of the rightest app in improving glycaemic control as well as quality of life in a 6- month interval of its usage.

The impact of vildagliptin as an add-on therapy on matrix metalloproteinase-14 levels, liver stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Many patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) met the histological criteria for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which leads to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) is involved in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.

Objectives: To assess the impact of oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, as adjunctive therapy on NASH in adolescents with T1DM and its effect on glycaemic control, MMP-14 levels and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).

Clinical practice recommendations for management of Diabetes Mellitus in Arab region: An expert consensus statement from Arab Diabetes Forum (ADF).

Prevalence of diabetes in Arab region has significantly increased, resulting in a significant economic burden on healthcare systems. This surge can be attributed to obesity, rapid urbanization, changing dietary habits, and sedentary lifestyles. The Arab Diabetes Forum (ADF) has established localized recommendations to tackle the region's rising diabetes prevalence.

Heterozygous missense variant in GLI2 impairs human endocrine pancreas development.

Missense variants are the most common type of coding genetic variants. Their functional assessment is fundamental for defining any implication in human diseases and may also uncover genes that are essential for human organ development. Here, we apply CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing on human iPSCs to study a heterozygous missense variant in GLI2 identified in two siblings with early-onset and insulin-dependent diabetes of unknown cause.

Mitigating iftar-related glycemic excursions in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes on MiniMed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed loop system: a randomized clinical trial for adjunctive oral vildagliptin therapy during Ramadan fasting.

Background: Ramadan Iftar meal typically causes glucose excursions. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors increase glucagon-like peptide-1 and thus, decrease blood glucose levels with low risk of hypoglycemia.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin as an add-on therapy on glucose excursions of Iftar Ramadan meals among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) treatment.

Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Lockdown: An ASPED/MENA Study on Lifestyle Changes and Quality of Life During Ramadan Fasting in Children and Adolescents Living With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Lockdown was a unique experience that affected many aspects of life, particularly during the challenge of Ramadan fasting (RF). Studying this can increase understanding of the effects of lifestyle changes on quality of life (QoL) for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during RF.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that assessed the effect of lockdown on lifestyle and QoL on fasting children living with T1D during Ramadan in the Middle East and North Africa region (2020-2021).

Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves early-stage diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Numerous studies have evaluated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory, autoimmune and renal diseases. However, data about the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are lacking.

Objectives: This randomized-controlled trial assessed the effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, albuminuria level, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in pediatric patients with T1DM and diabetic nephropathy.

MiniMed 780G™ advanced hybrid closed-loop system performance in Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes across different age groups: evidence from real-world users.

Background: Advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) system provides both automated basal rate and correction boluses to keep glycemic values in a target range.

Objectives: To evaluate the real-world performance of the MiniMed™ 780G system among different age groups of Egyptian patients with type 1diabetes.

Methods: One-hundred seven AHCL system users aged from 3 to 71 years were enrolled.

Insulin delivery patterns required to maintain postprandial euglycemia in type 1 diabetes following consumption of traditional Egyptian Ramadan Iftar meal using insulin pump therapy: A randomized crossover trial.

Objectives: During Ramadan, traditional Egyptian Iftar meals have large amounts of high-glycemic index carbohydrate and fat. The efficacy of different bolus regimens on optimizing post prandial glucose (PPG) excursion following this Iftar meal was assessed.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial evaluating 4-h PPG measured by continuous glucose-monitoring was conducted.

Glycemic control during Ramadan fasting in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes on MiniMed™ 780G advanced hybrid closed‑loop system: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: MiniMed 780G is the most advanced insulin pump system approved for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Hypoglycemic events are a serious complication associated with T1DM management during Ramadan fasting.

Aim: This prospective study assessed the safety, effectiveness and optimization of advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) system on glycemic metrics and the level of hypoglycemia in T1DM patients who wished to fast Ramadan.

Effect of metformin as an add-on therapy on neuregulin-4 levels and vascular-related complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Inflammation is closely associated with atherosclerosis and plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Metformin sensitizes body cells to insulin, which may cause a reduction of atherogenic lipid fractions. Low neuregulin-4 (Nrg-4) levels, an adipokine, are linked to obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021.

Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Though individuals with some illness and serious medical conditions, including some people with diabetes, can be exempted from fasting, many will fast anyway. It is of paramount importance that people with diabetes that fast are given the appropriate guidance and receive proper care.

The Challenges of Managing Pediatric Diabetes and Other Endocrine Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From an International Cross-Sectional Electronic Survey.

Background: Frequency, dimensions, management, and outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic in children with endocrine disorders and diabetes were assessed.

Methods: A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to the global network of endocrine societies. Respondents' professional and practice profiles, clinic sizes, their country of practice, and the impact of COVID-19 on endocrine diseases were investigated.

Ramadan fasting in people with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic: The DaR Global survey.

Objectives: The DaR Global survey was conducted to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intentions to fast and the outcomes of fasting in <18 years versus ≥18 years age groups with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: Muslim people with T1DM were surveyed in 13 countries between June and August 2020, shortly after the end of Ramadan (23rd April-23rd May 2020) using a simple questionnaire.

Results: 71.

COVID-19 outbreak and pediatric diabetes: Perceptions of health care professionals worldwide.

Background: Coronavirus diasease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that started in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and later spread around the world. Diabetes has been recognized as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 complications.

Objective: International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) investigated perceptions, challenges and experience of health care professionals (HCP) taking care of children and young people with diabetes worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic.

Zinc supplementation improves glucose homeostasis in patients with β-thalassemia major complicated with diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The development of abnormal glucose tolerance in β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is associated with alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant status. Zinc is an antioxidant and an essential element for insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion. This randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of oral zinc supplementation on glucose homeostasis in pediatric β-TM patients complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Vitamin B complex supplementation as a homocysteine-lowering therapy for early stage diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Homocysteine levels are elevated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and could induce renal injury. B vitamins have an important role in preventing microvascular complications of diabetes.

Aim: We performed a randomized-controlled trial of oral supplementation with vitamin B complex as an adjuvant therapy for nephropathy in pediatric T1DM patients and assessed its relation to homocysteine and cystatin C as a marker of nephropathy.

Role of neopterin as a biochemical marker for peripheral neuropathy in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: Relation to nerve conduction studies.

Background: Neopterin, a marker of inflammation and cellular immune response, is elevated in conditions of T-cell or macrophages activation. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is associated with inflammatory/immune processes and therefore, we hypothesized that neopterin could be used as a marker of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Aim: To measure neopterin levels in children and adolescents with T1DM and assess its possible relation to DPN and nerve conduction studies (NCS).

An International Consortium Update: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Adolescence.

This paper represents an international collaboration of paediatric endocrine and other societies (listed in the Appendix) under the International Consortium of Paediatric Endocrinology (ICPE) aiming to improve worldwide care of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)1. The manuscript examines pathophysiology and guidelines for the diagnosis and management of PCOS during adolescence. The complex pathophysiology of PCOS involves the interaction of genetic and epigenetic changes, primary ovarian abnormalities, neuroendocrine alterations, and endocrine and metabolic modifiers such as anti-Müllerian hormone, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, adiposity, and adiponectin levels.

The effect of 12 weeks carnosine supplementation on renal functional integrity and oxidative stress in pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Carnosine is a natural radical oxygen species scavenger. We investigated the effect of carnosine as an adjuvant therapy on urinary albumin excretion (UAE), the tubular damage marker alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M), and oxidative stress in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and nephropathy.

Circulating angiopoietin-2 levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: relation to carotid and aortic intima-media thickness.

Background: Angiopoietin-2 is a growth factor involved in the pathophysiology of vascular and inflammatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis. Carotid or aortic scans provide noninvasive screening tools for assessment of preclinical atherosclerosis in high-risk children.

Aim: We assessed serum angiopoietin-2 in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus as a potential marker for vascular complications in relation to glycemic control, inflammation and vascular structure.

Serum apelin as a novel non-invasive marker for subclinical cardiopulmonary complications in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.

Background: Cardiovascular involvement represents a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in sickle cell disease (SCD). Apelin is a peptide involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function.

Aim: To determine serum apelin among 40 children and adolescents with SCD compared with 40 healthy controls and assess its relation to markers of hemolysis, iron overload as well as cardiopulmonary complications.