Content oriented 3D-CNN sequence learning architecture for academic activities recognition using a realistic CAD dataset.

In computer vision, video analytic researchers have been developing techniques for human activity recognition in several application domains. Academic institutions are in possession of rich video repository generated by the surveillance system in respective campuses. One major requirement is to develop lightweight adaptable models capable of recognizing academic activities, enabling effective decision making in various application domains.

Nickel-Coated Copper Foam Electrocatalytic Electrode for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Evolution and Value-Added Chemical Co-Generation.

Developing cost-effective, eco-friendly electrocatalysts with strong electrochemical performance is essential for advancing in water electrolysis. Noble metal-based catalysts offer excellent activity, but due to less availability and more expenses leads to an urgent demand for efficient, affordable, and earth-abundant alternatives. In this study, a bimetallic foam architecture (CuF@Ni) was fabricated by electrodeposition of Ni on CuF.

miR-137: A therapeutic candidate or a key molecular regulator in Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder driven by amyloid-β accumulation, tau pathology, and synaptic dysfunction. Recent studies highlight miR-137, a brain-enriched microRNA, as a pivotal regulator of AD pathogenesis. This review synthesizes evidence that miR-137 modulates amyloid-β production, tau phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation, while also preserving mitochondrial function and mitigating oxidative stress.

PERI_DEP: A dataset of mother's mental health in Pakistan.

Perinatal depression (PND) represents a multifaceted mental health issue that impacts women throughout the perinatal period. Existing datasets have a class imbalance issue, resulting in biased outcomes. In Pakistan, we developed a novel dataset called PERI_DEP.

Exploring Proteomic Alterations in Intellectual Disability: Insights from Hyperlipidemia and Hyperphosphatasia Subgroups.

A significant increase of neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) among children presents growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Owing to heterogenic, multifactorial nature of NDDs, understanding pathophysiology of disease, finding effective methods for the early detection and intervention of NDDs has become extremely complex. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of NDDs, focusing on the associations between hyperphosphatasia (HPP) and hyperlipidemia (HLD) in patients with intellectual disability (ID).

Enhancing Security in 5G Edge Networks: Predicting Real-Time Zero Trust Attacks Using Machine Learning in SDN Environments.

The Internet has been vulnerable to several attacks as it has expanded, including spoofing, viruses, malicious code attacks, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). The three main types of attacks most frequently reported in the current period are viruses, DoS attacks, and DDoS attacks. Advanced DDoS and DoS attacks are too complex for traditional security solutions, such as intrusion detection systems and firewalls, to detect.

Cutting-edge innovations in lignin-based nanoparticles: A review of synthesis techniques, characterization, and diverse applications.

Lignin is the most prevalent by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the world's second most abundant naturally occurring renewable biopolymer, after cellulose. Among various lignin-based materials, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are inexpensive and easily biodegradable by fungi and bacteria in nature, considered as a valuable class of renewable resources. Additionally, LNPs are not biotoxic and do not cause tissue rejection.

Applications of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetics: a comprehensive review.

The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the various types of nanoparticles, such as green nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, with a special focus on heavy metal-based nanoparticles. These heavy metal-based nanoparticles exhibit exceptional physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable materials for cosmetic and personal care products.

From Waste to Value: Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Bioactive Extracts from Olive Leaves Using Poloxamers.

The European Union, producing over 2.5 billion tons of waste annually, has prompted the European Parliament to implement legal measures and encourage the shift towards a circular economy. Millions of tons of biowaste from olive plant leaves are generated annually, resulting in environmental and economic challenges.

Antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of a combination of Saffron and Chamomile in rats and their relationship with serotonin using methods.

Objective: To explore the potential of combining natural herbs like chamomile and saffron for the management of anxiety and depression.

Methods: A rodent model of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and anxiety, secondary to streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus was made. A total of 6 rat groups were chosen; healthy and diseased controls; and diseased test groups of fluoxetine, saffron, chamomile, and combined saffron and chamomile treated ( 6/group).

LocustLens: leveraging environmental data fusion and machine learning for desert locust swarm prediction.

The desert locust is one of the most destructive locusts recorded in human history, and it has caused significant food shortages, monetary losses, and environmental calamities. Prediction of locust attacks is complicated as it depends on various environmental and geographical factors. This research aims to develop a machine-learning model for predicting desert locust attacks in 42 countries that considers three predictors: soil moisture, maximum temperature, and precipitation.

A vector borne, airborne and food borne infection with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis: Case of triple infections in an immuno-competent patient.

Pakistan is endemic to several bacterial, parasitic and viral infections including tuberculosis, malaria and dengue that account for a high rate of mortality each year. These different types of infections can occur through various routes of transmission and concurrently in individuals, especially in immunocompromised but rarely among immunocompetent. We report a case of a 25 year old immunocompetent female who was admitted with an initial diagnosis of dengue fever and diagnosed as having co-infection of COVID-19 and Brucella leading to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

Non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of sarcosine in serum of prostate cancer patients by CoNiWBO/rGO nanocomposite.

Selective and sensitive sarcosine detection is crucial due to its recent endorsement as a prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker in clinical diagnosis. The reduced graphene oxide-cobalt nickel tungsten boron oxides (CoNiWBO/rGO) nanocomposite is developed as a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for sarcosine detection in PCa patients' serum. CoNiWBO/rGO is synthesized by the chemical reduction method via a one-pot reduction method followed by calcination at 500 °C under a nitrogen environment for 2 h and characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, TGA, and SEM.

Synergetic effects of tetracycline hydrochloride incorporated regenerated cellulose acetate - Bacterial cellulose hybrid nanocomposite: Potential in biomedical application.

Litter from cigarette waste is a significant threat to organisms and ecosystems. However, this waste contains cellulose acetate (CA) that can be recycled into raw materials. In this study, recycled CA from cigarettes (CFCA) electrospun through electro-spinning technique and developed hybrid nanocomposite by incorporating CFCA in the fermentation media, followed by self-assembly of bacterial cellulose (BC).

Molecular Docking Analysis Reveals the Promising Role of Apigenin as a Potential Treatment for Neurological Disorders.

Objectives: Neurological disorders represent a significant global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic agents. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid abundantly found in various plants, has garnered attention for its potential neuroprotective properties. In this study, we employed molecular docking simulations to investigate the interaction between apigenin and key molecular targets associated with neurological disorders.

Optimizing decision-making with aggregation operators for generalized intuitionistic fuzzy sets and their applications in the tech industry.

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) represent a significant advancement in classical fuzzy set (FS) theory. This study advances IFS theory to generalized intuitionistic fuzzy sets (GIFSs) and introduces novel operators GIFWAA, GIFWGA, GIFOWAA, and GIFOWGA, tailored for GIFSs. The primary aim is to enhance decision-making capabilities by introducing aggregation operators within the GIFS framework that align with preferences for optimal outcomes.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and azathioprine in patients with alopecia areata and variants: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune pathology manifested by loss of hair.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and azathioprine in patients with AA and variants.

Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled trail (RCT) carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Medical Teaching Institute-Lady Reading Hospital (MTI-LRH), Peshawar, Pakistan, patients aged ≥ 12 years diagnosed with AA, alopecia totalis (AT) or alopecia universalis (AU) with minimum 50% scalp hair loss for a period ≥ 06 years were included.

Closing the gap: An urgent need for newborn screening of organic acid disorders in developing countries.

Organic acid disorders are rare inherited metabolic disorders of key metabolic pathways. For the identification of specific organic acids, investigation of urinary metabolites and genetic testing are required through newborn screening programmes. Delayed diagnosis leads to complications, such as cardiac attacks, respiratory problems, neuro-developmental disorders, intellectual disability, and even premature death.

Unlocking the Potential of Oleanolic Acid: Integrating Pharmacological Insights and Advancements in Delivery Systems.

The growing interest in oleanolic acid (OA) as a triterpenoid with remarkable health benefits prompts an emphasis on its efficient use in pharmaceutical research. OA exhibits a range of pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and antiviral properties. While OA demonstrates diverse pharmacological effects, optimizing its therapeutic potential requires overcoming significant challenges.

GC-MS profiling and biological investigations of L. & L.

The objectives of the study were to conduct phytochemical screening of crude extracts of L. and L. and assessing their biological potentials against protein kinase enzymes, followed by the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities.

Label free quantitative proteomic profiling of serum samples of intellectually disabled young patients revealed dysregulation of complement coagulation and cholesterol cascade systems.

Intellectual disability is a heterogeneous disorder, diagnosed using intelligence quotient (IQ) score criteria. Currently, no specific clinical test is available to diagnose the disease and its subgroups due to inadequate understanding of the pathophysiology. Therefore, current study was designed to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in disease perturbation, and to identify potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.

Evaluation of genotoxic effect via expression of DNA damage responsive gene induced by ivermectin on MDBK cell line.

Ivermectin (IVM) is an anti-parasitic drug which is used for treating parasitic infestations. It has been used in humans for treating intestinal strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis however, currently researchers are investigating its potential for treating coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Due to its broad-spectrum activities, IVM is being used excessively in animals which has generated an interest for researchers to investigate its toxic effects.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring the Biochemical Changes Due to DNA Mutations Induced by CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing in the Fungus.

In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique, along with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), is used as a simple, quick, and cost-effective analysis method for identifying biochemical changes occurring due to induced mutations in the fungus strain. The goal of this study is to identify the biochemical changes in the mutated fungal cells (cell mass) as compared to the control/nonmutated cells. Furthermore, multivariate data analysis tools, including PCA and PLS-DA, are used to further confirm the differentiating SERS spectral features among fungal samples.

Rapid Identification and Quantification of Adulteration in Methyl Eugenol using Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Data Analysis.

Identification of adulterants in commercial samples of methyl eugenol is necessary because it is a botanical insecticide, a tephritid male attractant lure that is used to attract and kill invasive pests such as oriental fruit flies and melon flies on crops. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess commercial methyl eugenol along with adulterants. For this purpose, commercial methyl eugenol was adulterated with different concentrations of xylene.