The Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan: A Cost of Illness Study.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease with a chronic nature and poses a significant health burden worldwide, with no exception in Pakistan. Hence, this study aimed to explore the financial burden of T2DM in Pakistan through cost of illness analysis.

Methods: A prevalence-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured data collection tool from the patient's perspective.

Relation of poverty with treatment-seeking behavior and antibiotic misuse among UTI patients in Pakistan.

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the relation between multi-dimension poverty, treatment-seeking behavior, and antibiotic misuse among urinary tract infection (UTI) patients.

Method: A cross-sectional approach was utilized to recruit patients who had a history of UTI in the previous month from two provinces of Pakistan. The treatment-seeking behavior and antibiotic misuse data were collected on a self-developed questionnaire, whereas the poverty data were collected on a modified multi-dimension poverty index (MPI).

A Systematic Review of the Economic Burden of Diabetes in Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent non-communicable disease with high mortality and morbidity, which imposes a significant financial impact on individuals and the healthcare system. The identification of various cost components through cost of illness analysis could be helpful in health-care policymaking. The current systematic review aims to summarize the economic burden of DM in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries.

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy (VBH) among Healthcare Professionals of Pakistan, a Nationwide Survey.

Background: The waning vaccine immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 led health authorities across the globe to administer booster doses (BDs) of the COVID-19 vaccine. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine booster hesitancy (VBH) amongst Pakistani healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods: A nationwide survey-based study was carried out from April 2022 to May 2022.

Assessing the Frequency and Risk Factors Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Purpose: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with modifiable risk factors and it is associated with considerable health and economic burden. The current study was conducted to assess the frequency and risk factors related to GERD in the previously unstudied population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the frequency and risk factors of GERD by using a self-administered questionnaire.

A National Survey to Assess the COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Beliefs, Acceptability, Preference, and Willingness to Pay among the General Population of Pakistan.

The current study aims to assess the beliefs of the general public in Pakistan towards conspiracy theories, acceptance, willingness to pay, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire during January 2021. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical data analysis.

Cross-sectional study to assess the healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitude and practices about probiotics use in Pakistan.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of HCPs regarding the use of probiotics in different health conditions and to identify various barriers that are associated with their use.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 405 HCPs by using a validated self- administered questionnaire for assessing their KAP towards probiotic use. The study data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ test and binary logistic regression (BLR).

Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Three Metropolitan Cities of Pakistan.

Purpose: The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) has been associated with psychological distress during its rapid rise period in Pakistan. The present study aimed to assess the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the three metropolitan cities of Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted in 276 HCWs from April 10, 2020, to June 5, 2020.