Transforming medical education: leveraging large language models to enhance PBL-a proof-of-concept study.

The alignment of learning materials with learning objectives (LOs) is critical for successfully implementing the problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum. This study investigated the capabilities of Gemini Advanced, a large language model (LLM), in creating clinical vignettes that align with LOs and comprehensive tutor guides. This study used a faculty-written clinical vignette about diabetes mellitus for third-year medical students.

Impact of the Clinico-pathological Conferences as a teaching modality on medical students' performance in Endocrine Course.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of introducing clinico-pathological conferences in the endocrine block on student performance.

Methods: The retrospective pilot study was conducted at the College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and comprised medical students' examination scores in the endocrine course from 2012 to 2016. The 2012 batch was not exposed to clinico-pathological conferences and represented the control group, whereas batches from 2013 to 2016 had consistent exposure.

Renal Stromal Expression of Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Chronic Pyelonephritis as Compared to Normal Kidneys.

Objective:  To determine and compare the distribution of oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) expression between normal kidneys and chronic pyelonephritis.

Study Design: Comparative-descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, and Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 2017 and December 2018.

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: A Grading from Gleason to the New Grade-Group System: A Historical and Critical Review.

The introduction of the Gleason grading system revolutionised prognostic parameters and determination of patient treatment regiments for prostatic adenocarcinomas, and has become synonymous with prostate cancer, almost universally applied in clinical settings to predict radical prostatectomy specimen findings, potential biochemical failure, local recurrences, lymph nodes or distant metastases in patients not receiving any treatment as well as those receiving treatment including radiation therapy, surgical treatment such as radical prostatectomy and other therapies etc,. However, characterisation and classification of prostate cancer is very different compared to 40-50 years ago when Gleason scores were first introduced. Despite this radical shift in classification, the Gleason system has remained one of the most important prognostic factors in prostate cancer, only possible as a result of timely and appropriate modifications to this characterisation system made in 2005 and 2014.

Molecular subgroups of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours in children: an integrated genomic and clinicopathological analysis.

Background: Rhabdoid brain tumours, also called atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours, are lethal childhood cancers with characteristic genetic alterations of SMARCB1/hSNF5. Lack of biological understanding of the substantial clinical heterogeneity of these tumours restricts therapeutic advances. We integrated genomic and clinicopathological analyses of a cohort of patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours to find out the molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity in these tumours.

CD20 positivity in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: Diagnostic challenge or targeting opportunity.

Background: It is now well established that Hodgkin cells are clonal B cells with a CD30 and CD15 phenotype. However, on immunohistochemistry, in our experience and the experience of others, CD20 positivity in an otherwise typical classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not uncommon and if associated with CD15 negativity poses a potential diagnostic trap and is likely to be called B-NHL.

Objective: To assess the frequency of B-cell related antigens CD20 and CD79a in classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Correlation of intra-operative frozen section consultation with the final diagnosis at a referral center in Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: The correlation of intra-operative frozen section diagnosis with final diagnosis on permanent sections is an integral part of quality assurance in surgical pathology laboratories. However, there is scant data on this topic from Pakistan. Similarly, no local study has looked at frozen section turnaround times.