Esophageal stenting and endoscopic vacuum therapy for esophageal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Spontaneous esophageal perforation, especially Boerhaave syndrome, carries high morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive treatments like esophageal stenting and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) are increasingly used, but optimal management remains unclear.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of esophageal stenting and EVT in managing esophageal defects by assessing sealing rates, failure rates, and mortality.

Nonlinear photonics in glass systems doped with quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles.

Glass, one of the most important optical materials, is highly transparent, structurally amorphous, and optically isotropic. Unlike many crystals without centrosymmetry, most glass systems exhibit centrosymmetry without second-order optical nonlinearity and weak intrinsic optical nonlinearity, including nonlinear absorption and refraction. However, as glass systems often have a wide composition range, their nonlinear absorption and refraction can be judiciously engineered by doping their active centers and nanocrystals with different optical functionalities.

Reviewing advances in nanophotonic biosensors.

Biosensing, a promising branch of exploiting nanophotonic devices, enables meticulous detection of subwavelength light, which helps to analyze and manipulate light-matter interaction. The improved sensitivity of recent high-quality nanophotonic biosensors has enabled enhanced bioanalytical precision in detection. Considering the potential of nanophotonics in biosensing, this article summarizes recent advances in fabricating nanophotonic and optical biosensors, focusing on their sensing function and capacity.

Pressure induced mechanical, elastic, and optoelectronic characteristics of CdZnSe alloy.

The change in composition and pressure, both of which lead to new desired properties by altering the structure, is particularly important for improving device performance. Given this, we focused here on the mechanical, elastic, and optoelectronic characteristics of the CdZnSe alloy using density functional theory at various pressures from 0 GPa to 20 GPa. It is found that the bulk modulus of the material rises with increasing pressure and exhibits mechanical stability as well as cubic symmetry.

Ca neutral clusters: a two-step and DFT benchmark.

Electronic and structural properties of calcium clusters with a varying size range of 2-20 atoms are studied using a two-step scheme within the and density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The GGA overestimates the binding energies, optimized geometries, electron affinities, and ionization potentials reported in the benchmark. The ground-state structure geometry and binding energy were obtained from the DFT for the ground-state structure of each cluster.

Investigating structural and optoelectronic properties of Cr-substituted ZnSe semiconductors.

The optoelectronic and structural characteristics of the ZnCrSe (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) semiconductor are reported by employing density functional theory (DFT) within the mBJ potential. The findings revealed that the lattice constant decreases with increasing Cr concentration, although the bulk modulus exhibits the opposite trend. ZnSe is a direct bandgap material; however, a change from direct to indirect electronic bandgap has been seen with Cr presence.

Leveraging the sugarcane CRISPR/Cas9 technique for genetic improvement of non-cultivated grasses.

Under changing climatic scenarios, grassland conservation and development have become imperative to impart functional sustainability to their ecosystem services. These goals could be effectively and efficiently achieved with targeted genetic improvement of native grass species. To the best of our literature search, very scant research findings are available pertaining to gene editing of non-cultivated grass species (switch grass, wild sugarcane, Prairie cordgrass, Bermuda grass, Chinese silver grass, etc.

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a and Г benchmark.

The structural and electronic properties of zinc clusters (Zn) for a size range of = 2-15 are studied using density functional theory. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to search the structure and to determine the ground-state structure of the neutral Zn clusters. The structural motifs are optimized using the density functional theory approach to ensure that the structures are fully relaxed.

Investigations on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of cadmium-substituted zinc selenide semiconductors.

A change in the composition and dopant content of selective atoms in a material leads to their new desired properties by altering the structure, which can significantly improve the performance of relevant devices. By acknowledging this, we focused on characterizing the optoelectronic and structural properties of cadmium-substituted zinc selenide (ZnCdSe; 0 ≤ X ≤ 1) semiconductors using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), EV-GGA, and mBJ approximations. The results proved the cubic symmetry of the investigated materials at all Cd concentrations (0, 0.

Impact analysis of moisture stress on growth and yield of cotton using DSSAT-CROPGRO-cotton model under semi-arid climate.

Adequate soil moisture around the root zone of the crops is essential for optimal plant growth and productivity throughout the crop season, whereas excessive as well as deficient moisture is usually detrimental. A field experiment was conducted on cotton () with three water regimes (. well-watered (control); rainfed after one post-sowing irrigation (1-POSI) and rainfed after two post-sowing irrigations (2-POSI)) in main plots and application of eight osmoprotectants in sub plots of Split plot design to quantify the loss of seed cotton yield (SCY) under high and mild moisture stress.

Advances in solar energy harvesting integrated by van der Waals graphene heterojunctions.

Graphene has garnered increasing attention for solar energy harvesting owing to its unique features. However, limitations hinder its widespread adoption in solar energy harvesting, comprising the band gapless in the molecular orbital of graphene lattice, its vulnerability to oxidation in oxidative environments, and specific toxic properties that require careful consideration during development. Beyond current challenges, researchers have explored doping graphene with ionic liquids to raise the lifespan of solar cells (SCs).

Morphological, Photoluminescence, and Electrical Measurements of Rare-Earth Metal-Doped Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films.

This work is aimed at investigating the viability of utilizing cadmium sulfide (CdS) as a buffer layer in CdTe solar cells by analyzing and assessing its optical, photoluminescence, morphological, and electrical properties. These films were fabricated using a thermal coating technique. Optical microscopy was used to observe the changes in morphology resulting from the doping of rare-earth metals such as samarium (Sm) and lanthanum (La) to CdS, while the granular-like structure of the sample was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

Numerical optimization and performance evaluation of ZnPC:PC70BM based dye-sensitized solar cell.

The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells.

Biosynthesizing Extract-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles for MCF-7 Cell Lines Anti-Cancer Assay.

The unique consequence of green synthesis is that the mediator plant is able to release chemicals that are efficacious as reducing as well as stabilizing agents. In this work, the fruit pulp and leaf essences of have been used to manufacture silver nanoparticles through the green synthesis technique. The sculpturing of nanoparticles was accomplished by utilizing the reduction phenomenon that ensued due to the reaction between plant essences and the precursor solution.

Dose optimization of silicon for boosting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and cadmium stress mitigation in maize (Zea mays L.).

The foliar applied silicon (Si) has the potential to ameliorate heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd) toxicity; however, Si dose optimization is strategically important for boosting the growth of soil microbes and Cd stress mitigation. Thus, the current research was performed to assess the Si-induced physiochemical and antioxidant trait alterations along with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) status in maize roots under Cd stress. The trial included foliar Si application at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm while Cd stress (at the rate of 20 ppm) was induced after full germination of maize seed.

Effects of the Hubbard potential on the NMR shielding and optoelectronic properties of BiMnVO compound.

This study explores the nuclear magnetic shielding, chemical shifts, and the optoelectronic properties of the BiMnVO compound using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation by employing the Hubbard model (GGA + U). The Bi and V chemical shifts and bandgap values of the BiMnVO compound in a triclinic crystal structure are found to be directly related to Hubbard potential. The relationship between the isotropic nuclear magnetic shielding σ and chemical shift δ is obtained with a slope of 1.

Improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells based on rare-earth metal modified bismuth ferrites.

This study reports light energy harvesting characteristics of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO) and BiFO doped with rare-earth metals such as neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), and gadolinium (Gd) dye solutions that were prepared by using the co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized materials were studied, confirming that 5-50 nm sized synthesized particles have a well-developed and non-uniform grain size due to their amorphous nature. Moreover, the peaks of photoelectron emission for bare and doped BiFeO were observed in the visible region at around 490 nm, while the emission intensity of bare BiFeO was noticed to be lower than that of doped materials.

Foliar application of silicon-based nanoparticles improve the adaptability of maize (Zea mays L.) in cadmium contaminated soils.

Heavy metals (HMs) especially cadmium (Cd) absorbed by the roots of crop plants like maize have emerged as one of the most serious threats by causing stunted plant growth along with disturbing the photosynthetic machinery and nutrient homeostasis process. A trial was conducted for inducing Cd stress tolerance in maize by exogenous application of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) using five doses of SiNPs (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm) and three levels of Cd (0, 15, and 30 ppm) for maize hybrid (SF-9515). The response variables included morphological traits and biochemical parameters of maize.

Correction: Unveiling concentration effects on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of Zn Cd S ( = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) cubic semiconductors: a theoretical study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2RA03850A.].

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyvinyl Chloride Matrix Composites with Modified Scrap Iron for Advanced Electronic, Photonic, and Optical Systems.

In this study, FeO powder was synthesized using the co-precipitation method from scrap iron, which was then treated with varying concentrations of copper. Afterwards, the modified FeO was reinforced in the PVC matrix by using the solution-casting method to synthesize PVC composite films, which were subjected to a UV-visible spectrophotometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, an X-ray diffractometer, and a thermal gravimetric analyzer to evaluate the optical, chemical, structural, and thermal properties. FTIR analysis reveals the formation of the composite through vibrational bands pertaining to both components present, whereas no significant changes in the XRD patterns of PVC were observed after the doping of modified iron oxide, which reveals the compatibility of fillers with the PVC matrix.

Unveiling concentration effects on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of Zn Cd S ( = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) cubic semiconductors: a theoretical study.

The structural and optoelectronic characteristics of Zn Cd S ( = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.

Ex Situ Synthesis and Characterizations of MoS/WO Heterostructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB.

In this study, novel hydrothermal ex situ synthesis was adopted to synthesize MoS/WO heterostructures using two different molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:4. The "bottom-up" assembly was successfully developed to synthesize spherical and flaky-shaped heterostructures. Their structural, morphological, compositional, and bandgap characterizations were investigated through XRD, EDX, SEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis.

Ab-initio study of pressure influenced elastic, mechanical and optoelectronic properties of CdZnSe alloy for space photovoltaics.

The optoelectronic properties of the ternary CdZnSe alloy are reported under the influence of a high pressure ranging from 0 to 25 GPa, within a modified Becke-Jhonson potential using density functional theory. This alloy has a cubic symmetry, is mechanically stable, and its bulk modulus rises with pressure. It is observed to be a direct bandgap material with a bandgap energy that increases from 2.

2D Materials for Efficient Photodetection: Overview, Mechanisms, Performance and UV-IR Range Applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely used in photodetectors owing to their diverse advantages in device fabrication and manipulation, such as integration flexibility, availability of optical operation through an ultrabroad wavelength band, fulfilling of photonic demands at low cost, and applicability in photodetection with high-performance. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus (BP), III-V materials, heterostructure materials, and graphene have emerged at the forefront as intriguing basics for optoelectronic applications in the field of photodetection. The versatility of photonic systems composed of these materials enables their wide range of applications, including facilitation of chemical reactions, speeding-up of responses, and ultrasensitive light detection in the ultraviolet (UV), visible, mid-infrared (MIR), and far-infrared (FIR) ranges.